RECENT interesting findings

[Sam_Skunkman]

Heres an old one, but interesting?

https://www.researchgate.net/public...uderalis_with_analysis_of_cannabinoid_content

Economic Botany, 32(4), 1978, pp. 387-394
CHEMOTAXONOMY OF CANNABIS I. CROSSBREEDING BETWEEN CANNABIS SATIVA AND C. RUDERALIS, WITH ANALYSIS OF CANNABINOID CONTENT
JOHN A. BEUTLER, ARA H. DER MARDEROSIAN
A controlled cross between Cannabis sativa L. and C. ruderalis Janisch. gave progeny intermediate in both cannabinoid content and morphology. The progeny fell into two distinct populations, those whose tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content was closer to the C. sativa parent (greater than 60% of total cannabinoids) and those whose THC content was closer to the C. ruderalis parent (less than 40% of total cannabinoids). The lower THC group was twice as frequent as the other group. Earliness of flowering, number of flowers, and height characteristics were intermediate between the parents.

https://www.jstor.org/stable/4253980?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

REMEMBER sci-hub.cc

REMEMBER sci-hub.cc

sci-hub.cc you can get almost all scientific papers free with just the title or DOI.

I posted another alzheimer paper at post #156

-SamS

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Older but interesting:

Targeted mutation of Δ12 and Δ15 desaturase genes in hemp produce major alterations in seed fatty acid composition including a high oleic hemp oil

Monika Bielecka, Filip Kaminski, Ian Adams, Helen Poulson, Raymond Sloan, Yi Li,
Tony R. Larson, Thilo Winzer, Ian A. Graham
Plant Biotechnology Journal
Volume 12, Issue 5, June 2014, Pages 613–623
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12167
Summary

We used expressed sequence tag library and whole genome sequence mining to identify a suite of putative desaturase genes representing the four main activities required for production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in hemp seed oil. Phylogenetic-based classification and developing seed transcriptome analysis informed selection for further analysis of one of seven Δ12 desaturases and one of three Δ15 desaturases that we designate CSFAD2A and CSFAD3A, respectively. Heterologous expression of corresponding cDNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed CSFAD2A to have Δx+3 activity, while CSFAD3A activity was exclusively at the Δ15 position. TILLING of an ethyl methane sulphonate mutagenized population identified multiple alleles including non-sense mutations in both genes and fatty acid composition of seed oil confirmed these to be the major Δ12 and Δ15 desaturases in developing hemp seed. Following four backcrosses and sibling crosses to achieve homozygosity, csfad2a-1 was grown in the field and found to produce a 70 molar per cent high oleic acid (18:1Δ9) oil at yields similar to wild type. Cold-pressed high oleic oil produced fewer volatiles and had a sevenfold increase in shelf life compared to wild type. Two low abundance octadecadienoic acids, 18:2Δ6,9 and 18:2Δ9,15, were identified in the high oleic oil, and their presence suggests remaining endogenous desaturase activities utilize the increased levels of oleic acid as substrate. Consistent with this, CSFAD3A produces 18:2Δ9,15 from endogenous 18:1Δ9 when expressed in S. cerevisiae. This work lays the foundation for the development of additional novel oil varieties in this multipurpose low input crop.

 

[Arf]

Gee that's a double edged sword, oleic acid can ether reduce cholesterol if you eat it, or cause lung damage if you smoke it!

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

I do not smoke seeds, do you?
-SamS

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/can.2016.0008

Can You Pass the Acid Test? Critical Review and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives of D9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid A

Guillermo Moreno-Sanz
Abstract
D9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (THCA-A) is the acidic precursor of D9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound found in Cannabis sativa. THCA-A is biosynthesized and accumulated in glandular trichomes present on flowers and leaves, where it serves protective functions and can represent up to 90% of the total THC contained in the plant. THCA-A slowly decarboxylates to form THC during storage and fermentation and can further degrade to cannabinol. Decarboxylation also occurs rapidly during baking of edibles, smoking, or vaporizing, the most common ways in which the general population consumes Cannabis. Contrary to THC, THCA-A does not elicit psychoactive effects in humans and, perhaps for this reason, its pharmacological value is often neglected. In fact, many studies use the term ‘‘THCA’’ to refer indistinctly to several acid derivatives of THC. Despite this perception, many in vitro studies seem to indicate that THCA-A interacts with a number of molecular targets and displays a robust pharmacological profile that includes potential anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antineoplastic properties. Moreover, the few in vivo studies performed with THCA-A indicate that this compound exerts pharmacological actions in rodents, likely by engaging type-1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptors. Although these findings may seem counterintuitive due to the lack of cannabinoid-related psychoactivity, a careful perusal of the available literature yields a plausible explanation to this conundrum and points toward novel therapeutic perspectives for raw, unheated Cannabis preparations in humans.


http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1089/can.2015.0012
Human Metabolites of Cannabidiol: A Review on Their Formation, Biological Activity, and Relevance in Therapy
Istva´n Ujva´ry, and Lumı´r Hanus

Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the main nonpsychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa, has shown a wide range of therapeutically promising pharmacological effects either as a sole drug or in combination with other drugs in adjunctive therapy. However, the targets involved in the therapeutic effects of CBD appear to be elusive. Furthermore, scarce information is available on the biological activity of its human metabolites which, when formed in pharmacologically relevant concentration, might contribute to or even account for the observed therapeutic effects. The present overview summarizes our current knowledge on the pharmacokinetics and metabolic fate of CBD in humans, reviews studies on the biological activity of CBD metabolites either in vitro or in vivo, and discusses relevant drug–drug interactions. To facilitate further research in the area, the reported syntheses of CBD metabolites are also catalogued.

 

[Chimera]

Cannabinoid regulatory caps getting you down?

Int J Drug Policy. 2016 Feb 26. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.02.011.

Limitations to the Dutch cannabis toleration policy: Assumptions underlying the reclassification of cannabis above 15% THC.

Van Laar M1, Van Der Pol P2, Niesink R3.
Abstract
The Netherlands has seen an increase in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations from approximately 8% in the 1990s up to 20% in 2004. Increased cannabis potency may lead to higher THC-exposure and cannabis related harm. The Dutch government officially condones the sale of cannabis from so called 'coffee shops', and the Opium Act distinguishes cannabis as a Schedule II drug with 'acceptable risk' from other drugs with 'unacceptable risk' (Schedule I). Even in 1976, however, cannabis potency was taken into account by distinguishing hemp oil as a Schedule I drug. In 2011, an advisory committee recommended tightening up legislation, leading to a 2013 bill proposing the reclassification of high potency cannabis products with a THC content of 15% or more as a Schedule I drug. The purpose of this measure was twofold: to reduce public health risks and to reduce illegal cultivation and export of cannabis by increasing punishment. This paper focuses on the public health aspects and describes the (explicit and implicit) assumptions underlying this '15% THC measure', as well as to what extent these are supported by scientific research. Based on scientific literature and other sources of information, we conclude that the 15% measure can provide in theory a slight health benefit for specific groups of cannabis users (i.e., frequent users preferring strong cannabis, purchasing from coffee shops, using 'steady quantities' and not changing their smoking behaviour), but certainly not for all cannabis users. These gains should be weighed against the investment in enforcement and the risk of unintended (adverse) effects. Given the many assumptions and uncertainty about the nature and extent of the expected buying and smoking behaviour changes, the measure is a political choice and based on thin evidence.

 

[Arf]

I do not smoke seeds, do you?
-SamS

Not intentionally, but Oleic Acid is not limited to the seeds, it's found in Cannabis Sativa leaf as well.

See:
http://forendex.southernforensic.org/uploads/references/MicrogramJournal/5.1-4.20.25.pdf

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Not intentionally, but Oleic Acid is not limited to the seeds, it's found in Cannabis Sativa leaf as well.

See:
http://forendex.southernforensic.org/uploads/references/MicrogramJournal/5.1-4.20.25.pdf

True, but the levels are not close to the same, anyway I do not smoke leaves, or seeds, or buds, I smoke resin.
How many Kg of leaves do you need to smoke to get the same amount of Oleic acid as in one seed? That is the question.....
A single seed will ruin a joint, leaf does not, but flowers are better. Resin does not have Oleic Acid that I know of.
-SamS

 

[Gry]

...of the seventies. Seed burn on a much loved shirt.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

The first false assumption was that the govt can control Cannabis THC levels with a law, much less if it is even a good thing to do.
Take herbal Cannabis that say needs to be 15% THC max. So you have a plant cultivar that has buds that are 20-25% THC when sold in shops today. But if you do zero manicuring of that bud, leave all the shade leaves and stems on it and then measure the THC% it will be legal and under 15% THC. So the grower can sell the un-manicured product cheaper to the shops, the coffee shop also can sell cheaper, and the customer manicures the bud before smoking if they want to. The final price is basically the same, but a bit cheaper per gram and un-manicured, so manicure it if you want to.
One thing is sure, that smoking lower potency products has more harm associated with it then smoking less of a higher potency product to achieve the same THC blood levels. As most damage or all is caused by the combusted plant materials not the THC.
-SamS

Cannabinoid regulatory caps getting you down?

Int J Drug Policy. 2016 Feb 26. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.02.011.

Limitations to the Dutch cannabis toleration policy: Assumptions underlying the reclassification of cannabis above 15% THC.

Van Laar M1, Van Der Pol P2, Niesink R3.
Abstract
The Netherlands has seen an increase in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentrations from approximately 8% in the 1990s up to 20% in 2004. Increased cannabis potency may lead to higher THC-exposure and cannabis related harm. The Dutch government officially condones the sale of cannabis from so called 'coffee shops', and the Opium Act distinguishes cannabis as a Schedule II drug with 'acceptable risk' from other drugs with 'unacceptable risk' (Schedule I). Even in 1976, however, cannabis potency was taken into account by distinguishing hemp oil as a Schedule I drug. In 2011, an advisory committee recommended tightening up legislation, leading to a 2013 bill proposing the reclassification of high potency cannabis products with a THC content of 15% or more as a Schedule I drug. The purpose of this measure was twofold: to reduce public health risks and to reduce illegal cultivation and export of cannabis by increasing punishment. This paper focuses on the public health aspects and describes the (explicit and implicit) assumptions underlying this '15% THC measure', as well as to what extent these are supported by scientific research. Based on scientific literature and other sources of information, we conclude that the 15% measure can provide in theory a slight health benefit for specific groups of cannabis users (i.e., frequent users preferring strong cannabis, purchasing from coffee shops, using 'steady quantities' and not changing their smoking behaviour), but certainly not for all cannabis users. These gains should be weighed against the investment in enforcement and the risk of unintended (adverse) effects. Given the many assumptions and uncertainty about the nature and extent of the expected buying and smoking behaviour changes, the measure is a political choice and based on thin evidence.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Pure Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin and a Cannabis sativa extract with high content in Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin inhibit nitrite production in murine peritoneal macrophages

Barbara Romano Ester Pagano Pierangelo Orlando Raffaele Capasso Maria Grazia Cascio Roger Pertwee Vincenzo Di Marzo Angelo A. Izzo Francesca Borrelli

Article · August 2016
Pharmacological Research
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.045

Historical and scientific evidence suggests that Cannabis use has immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. We have here investigated the effect of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and of a Cannabis sativa extract with high (64.8%) content in THCV (THCV-BDS) on nitric oxide (NO) production, and on cannabinoid and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

A review of the cultivation and processing of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) for production of prescription medicines in the UK
David J. Potter
Drug Testing and Analysis, 2013
DOI 10.1002/dta.1531
Abstract
The quality demands of the pharmaceutical industry require prescription medicines to be consistent in their active ingredient content. Achieving this, using raw cannabis as a feedstock, is especially challenging. The plant material is extremely inhomogeneous, and the ratios of active ingredients are affected by a range of factors. These include the genetics of the plant, the growing and storage conditions, the state of maturity at harvest, and the methods used to process and formulate the material. The reasons for this variability are described, with particular emphasis on the botanical considerations. To produce the complex botanical medicine Sativex®, which contains the cannabinoids Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) and a range of other ingredients, GW Pharmaceuticals had to manage these variables. This medicine, for the treatment of spasticity due to multiple sclerosis, is the first cannabis-based medicine to be approved in the UK. The company's methodology for producing this and other chemotypes is described.


Molecular cytogenetic analysis of monoecious hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars reveals its karyotype variations and sex chromosomes constitution
Olga V. Razumova & Oleg S. Alexandrov & Mikhail G. Divashuk & Tatiana I. Sukhorada & Gennady I. Karlov
Protoplasma, 2015
DOI 10.1007/s00709-015-0851-0
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L., 2n = 20) is a dioecious plant. Sex expression is controlled by an X-to-autosome balance system consisting of the heteromorphic sex chromosomes XY for males and XX for females. Genetically monoecious hemp offers several agronomic advantages compared to the dioecious cultivars that are widely used in hemp cultivation. The male or female origin of monoecious maternal plants is unknown. Additionally, the sex chromosome composition of monoecious hemp forms remains unknown. In this study, we examine the sex chromosome makeup in monoecious hemp using a cytogenetic approach. Eight monoecious and two dioecious cultivars were used. The DNA of 210 monoecious plants was used for PCR analysis with the male-associated markers MADC2 and SCAR323. All monoecious plants showed female amplification patterns. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the subtelomeric CS-1 probe to chromosomes plates and karyotyping revealed a lack of Y chromosome and presence of XX sex chromosomes in monoecious cultivars with the chromosome number 2n = 20. There was a high level of intra- and intercultivar karyotype variation detected. The results of this study can be used for further analysis of the genetic basis of sex expression in plants.


Photosynthetic response of Cannabis sativa L., an important medicinal plant, to elevated levels of CO2
Suman Chandra & Hemant Lata & Ikhlas A. Khan & Mahmoud A. ElSohly
Physiol Mol Biol Plants (July–September 2011) 17(3):291–295
DOI 10.1007/s12298-011-0066-6
Abstract
The effect of elevated CO2 concentrations (545 and 700 μmol mol(-1)) on gas exchange and stomatal response of four high Δ(9)-THC yielding varieties of Cannabis sativa (HPM, K2, MX and W1) was studied to assess their response to the rising atmospheric CO2 concentration. In general, elevated CO2 concentration (700 μmol mol(-1)) significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated net photosynthesis (P N), water use efficiency (WUE) and internal CO2 concentration (C i), and suppressed transpiration (E) and stomatal conductance (g s) as compared to the ambient CO2 concentration (390 μmol mol(-1)) in all the varieties whereas, the effect of 545 μmol mol(-1) CO2 concentration was found insignificant (p < 0.05) on these parameters in most of the cases. No significant changes (p < 0.05) in the ratio of internal to the ambient CO2 concentration (C i/C a) was observed in these varieties under both the elevated CO2 concentrations (545 and 700 μmol mol(-1)). An average increase of about 48 %, 45 %, 44 % and 38 % in P N and, about 177 %, 157 %, 191 % and 182 % in WUE was observed due to elevated CO2 (700 μmol mol(-1)) as compared to ambient CO2 concentration in HPM, K2, MX and W1 varieties, respectively. The higher WUE under elevated CO2 conditions in Cannabis sativa, primarily because of decreased stomatal conductance and subsequently the transpiration rate, may enable this species to survive under expected harsh greenhouse effects including elevated CO2 concentration and drought conditions. The higher P N, WUE and nearly constant C i/C a ratio under elevated CO2 concentrations in this species reflect a close coordination between its stomatal and mesophyll functions.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

I think I skipped this one:


The draft genome and transcriptome of Cannabis sativa
Harm van Bakel, Jake M Stout, Atina G Cote, Carling M Tallon, Andrew G Sharpe, Timothy R Hughes, and Jonathan E Page
Genome Biol. 2011; 12(10): R102.
doi: 10.1186/gb-2011-12-10-r102
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Cannabis sativa has been cultivated throughout human history as a source of fiber, oil and food, and for its medicinal and intoxicating properties. Selective breeding has produced cannabis plants for specific uses, including high-potency marijuana strains and hemp cultivars for fiber and seed production. The molecular biology underlying cannabinoid biosynthesis and other traits of interest is largely unexplored.
RESULTS:
We sequenced genomic DNA and RNA from the marijuana strain Purple Kush using shortread approaches. We report a draft haploid genome sequence of 534 Mb and a transcriptome of 30,000 genes. Comparison of the transcriptome of Purple Kush with that of the hemp cultivar 'Finola' revealed that many genes encoding proteins involved in cannabinoid and precursor pathways are more highly expressed in Purple Kush than in 'Finola'. The exclusive occurrence of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase in the Purple Kush transcriptome, and its replacement by cannabidiolic acid synthase in 'Finola', may explain why the psychoactive cannabinoid Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is produced in marijuana but not in hemp. Resequencing the hemp cultivars 'Finola' and 'USO-31' showed little difference in gene copy numbers of cannabinoid pathway enzymes. However, single nucleotide variant analysis uncovered a relatively high level of variation among four cannabis types, and supported a separation of marijuana and hemp.
CONCLUSIONS:
The availability of the Cannabis sativa genome enables the study of a multifunctional plant that occupies a unique role in human culture. Its availability will aid the development of therapeutic marijuana strains with tailored cannabinoid profiles and provide a basis for the breeding of hemp with improved agronomic characteristics.

 

[Thcvhunter]

This is an intereting finding

This is an intereting finding

Edited

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

What is an interesting finding?
-SamS

Edited

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Differentiation between fiber and drug types of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from a collection of wild and domesticated accessions
G. Piluzza • G. Delogu • A. Cabras • S. Marceddu • S. Bullitta
Genet Resour Crop Evol (2013) 60:2331–2342 DOI 10.1007/s10722-013-0001-5
Abstract
Accessions of wild and domesticated hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) originating from Colombia, Mexico, California, Bolivia, Thailand, Afghanistan, Serbia, Hungary, south Africa and different regions of China, were studied by means of DNA polymorphisms in order to discriminate between drug and fiber types. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was used to partition the total genetic variance within and among populations. The significance of the variance compo- nents was tested by calculating their probabilities based on 999 random permutations. AMOVA revealed 74 % variation among accessions and 26 % within accessions, all AMOVA variation was highly signif- icant (P \ 0.001). The cluster analysis of molecular data, grouped accessions into eight clusters and gave a matrix correlation value of r = 0.943, indicating a very good fit between the similarity values implied by the phenogram and those of the original similarity matrix. In this study, DNA polymorphisms could discriminate the fiber and drug types, and accessions were grouped in accordance to their classification and uses. In addition, seed size variation and micromorphological characters of seeds were studied by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Seeds varied significantly in size, and were bigger in the fiber types. SEM analysis exhibited variation of micromorpholog- ical characters of seeds that could be important for discriminating the fiber or drug types.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Analysis of the genetic diversity of Chinese native Cannabis sativa cultivars by using ISSR and chromosome markers
L.G. Zhang, Y. Chang, X.F. Zhang, F.Z. Guan, H.M. Yuan, Y. Yu, L.J. Zhao (2014).
Genet. Mol. Res. 13, 10490–10500. doi: 10.4238/2014.december.12.10
ABSTRACT. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is an important fiber crop, and native cultivars exist widely throughout China. In the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of 27 important Chinese native hemp cultivars, by using inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and chromosome markers. We determined the following chromosome
formulas: 2n = 20 = 14m + 6sm; 2n = 20 = 20m; 2n = 20 = 18m +2sm; 2n = 20 = 16m + 4sm; and 2n = 20 = 12m + 8sm. The results of our ISSR analysis revealed the genetic relationships among the 27 cultivars; these relationships were analyzed by using the unweighted pair-group method based on DNA polymorphism. Our results revealed that all of the native cultivars showed considerable genetic diversity. At a genetic distance of 0.324, the 27 varieties could be classified into five categories; this grouping corresponded well with the chromosome formulas. All of the investigated hemp cultivars represent relatively primitive types; moreover, the genetic distances show a geographical distribution, with a small amount of regional hybridity.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Cannabis in China Based on Morphological Characters and RAPD Markers
TANG Zhi-cheng, CHEN Xuan, ZHANG Qing-ying, GUO Hong-yan, YANG Ming
J. West China For. Sci. 42, 61–66. (2013)
Wild Cannabis germplasms is not only the natural gene bank of Cannabis research and utilization,but also the important basis of hemp breeding.In this article,genetic diversity of 12 wild Cannabis resources and 4 cultivars were assessed by the methods of phenotypic characters and RAPD markers,and the cluster of phenotypic traits and RAPD markers were constructed by Farthest-neighbor method and UPGMA method respectively.The results showed the genetic diversity in wild cannabis was abundant,and the difference of 11 Morphological characters in all germplasms was significant(P 0.001).The thousand-grain weight had the highest coefficient of variation,while the effective number of branches had the smallest one.After the amplification with 13 RAPD primers,a total of 106 fragments were detected,among which,79 fragments were polymorphic,accounting for 74.52 %.The whole germplasms could be classified into three groups based on morphological cluster.The first group was composed of 12 wild germplasms which further divided into two subgroups based on the degree of latitude,while the other two groups contain only 3 cultivars.RAPD cluster analysis showed that the whole germplasms were also classi-fied into 3 groups clustered with the characteristic of regionalism.Germplasms in Yunnan and Xinjiang were in one group,germplasms in northeast and north China were in the second group,while germplasm in Xizang was alone in another cluster,the wild and cultivars were not distinguished obviously.The results suggest that the genetic diversity of Cannabis in china is complicated.

 

[Sam_Skunkman]

Diversity Analysis in Cannabis sativa Based on Large-Scale Development of Expressed Sequence Tag-Derived Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Chunsheng Gao, Pengfei Xin, Chaohua Cheng, Qing Tang, Ping Chen, Changbiao Wang, Gonggu Zang, and Lining Zhao
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110638 (2014)
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an important economic plant for the production of food, fiber, oils, and intoxicants. However, lack of sufficient simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers has limited the development of cannabis genetic research. Here, large-scale development of expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers was performed to obtain more informative genetic markers, and to assess genetic diversity in cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.). Based on the cannabis transcriptome, 4,577 SSRs were identified from 3,624 ESTs. From there, a total of 3,442 complementary primer pairs were designed as SSR markers. Among these markers, trinucleotide repeat motifs (50.99%) were the most abundant, followed by hexanucleotide (25.13%), dinucleotide (16.34%), tetranucloetide (3.8%), and pentanucleotide (3.74%) repeat motifs, respectively. The AAG/CTT trinucleotide repeat (17.96%) was the most abundant motif detected in the SSRs. One hundred and seventeen EST-SSR markers were randomly selected to evaluate primer quality in 24 cannabis varieties. Among these 117 markers, 108 (92.31%) were successfully amplified and 87 (74.36%) were polymorphic. Forty-five polymorphic primer pairs were selected to evaluate genetic diversity and relatedness among the 115 cannabis genotypes. The results showed that 115 varieties could be divided into 4 groups primarily based on geography: Northern China, Europe, Central China, and Southern China. Moreover, the coefficient of similarity when comparing cannabis from Northern China with the European group cannabis was higher than that when comparing with cannabis from the other two groups, owing to a similar climate. This study outlines the first large-scale development of SSR markers for cannabis. These data may serve as a foundation for the development of genetic linkage, quantitative trait loci mapping, and marker-assisted breeding of cannabis.