Yes there are
Aside from the different configurations for the various amperage ratings of the receptacles, there are also 3 and 4-wire receptacles. 3-wire is a straight 240v with a ground, and the 4-wire is 120/240v (it carries a neutral so that you get 120v between the neutral and either hot leg) with a ground. This one is probably rated at 40 to 50 amps, 240v only. There should be an amperage rating molded into the cover, but I can't read it in your picture.
Once I find out the amperage though how will I go about finding out if it's 3 wire or 4 wire? Would I have to shut off power to the circuit and open up the receptacle?
If it says 120/240 it may be old enough that it doesn't have a ground wire. Is this a pretty old house? You will need to pop the cover off and see if the there is a bare wire or if they are all insulated. You could also go to the main panel and find the wire coming from this receptacle and see what's what.