Aardwolf
Member
Repoductive Systems & Breeding Plans - "Biological Foundations of Plant Breeding"
The particulars of breeding operations themselves in the modern world of plant-breeding plans differ between Genus's and Species's in various ways, depending on the purposes for which these different crops are grown and on their various attributes.
Nevertheless, many otherwise apparently quite unalike crops have particular attributes in common, especially mating system and or method of propagation, such that nearly all crops can be assigned explicitly to one of the three main groups in respect to the breeding plan that will be appropriate for each.
Group 1 - Primarily self-fertilizing, seed propagating annuals, & ephemerals; Wheat, Rice, Barley, Cannabis rudaralis and Phaselous beans
Group 2 - Out-crossing, seed propagated annuals (especially corn) Biennials, short-lives perennials and long-lived perennials, including many timber tree species.
Group 3 - Vegetatively (Clonally) propagable out-crossing perennials, many of which can also be propagated from seeds.
Seed propagation type describes how the selected plants in a retained family, from the previous selection round or generation, are propagated, to generate the seed for the current selection round or generation.
There are nine options for seed propagation, (F1 excluded): In order of increasing genetic diversity (i) clone (asexual reproduction), (ii) DH (doubled haploid), (iii) self (self-pollination), (iv) single cross (single cross between two parents), (v) backcross (back crossed to one of the two parents), (vi) topcross (crossed to a third parent, also known as three-way cross), (vii) doublecross (crossed between two F1s), (viii) random (random mating among the selected plants in a family), and (ix) no selfing (random mating but self-pollination is eliminated).
The particulars of breeding operations themselves in the modern world of plant-breeding plans differ between Genus's and Species's in various ways, depending on the purposes for which these different crops are grown and on their various attributes.
Nevertheless, many otherwise apparently quite unalike crops have particular attributes in common, especially mating system and or method of propagation, such that nearly all crops can be assigned explicitly to one of the three main groups in respect to the breeding plan that will be appropriate for each.
Group 1 - Primarily self-fertilizing, seed propagating annuals, & ephemerals; Wheat, Rice, Barley, Cannabis rudaralis and Phaselous beans
Group 2 - Out-crossing, seed propagated annuals (especially corn) Biennials, short-lives perennials and long-lived perennials, including many timber tree species.
Group 3 - Vegetatively (Clonally) propagable out-crossing perennials, many of which can also be propagated from seeds.
Seed propagation type describes how the selected plants in a retained family, from the previous selection round or generation, are propagated, to generate the seed for the current selection round or generation.
There are nine options for seed propagation, (F1 excluded): In order of increasing genetic diversity (i) clone (asexual reproduction), (ii) DH (doubled haploid), (iii) self (self-pollination), (iv) single cross (single cross between two parents), (v) backcross (back crossed to one of the two parents), (vi) topcross (crossed to a third parent, also known as three-way cross), (vii) doublecross (crossed between two F1s), (viii) random (random mating among the selected plants in a family), and (ix) no selfing (random mating but self-pollination is eliminated).