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Cannabis Seed Morphology

acespicoli

Well-known member
Please share some of your seed pics here as well

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A multivariate analysis of morphological divergence of “seeds” (achenes)​

among ruderal, fibre, oilseed, dioecious/monoecious and marijuana variants​

of Cannabis sativa L.​

https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.130.237
 
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acespicoli

Well-known member
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Except for seeds from Yunnan (W1) and Xizang (W2), the seeds from the other seven wild accessions all had a camouflage covering (a thin dark brown film attached to the surface of a seed), while only two accessions from Jilin (C7) and Anhui (C8) had a small amount of camouflage covering (Fig. 2). Moreover, wild cannabis bloomed earlier than domesticated cannabis. Although the flowering time of W1 and W2 was approximately 55 days, the flowering time of other wild cannabis accessions was shorter than 35 days (Table S1). In addition, the values of the first branch height, petiole length, compound leaf width and leaflet width of wild cannabis were significantly lower than those of cultivated cannabis (Fig. S1). We also observed that, when planted at low latitudes (Kunming), cultivated cannabis (C1-C7) from relatively high latitudes exhibited early flowering, early maturity, a dwarf stature and almost no branches (Fig. S1). However, wild cannabis plants still produced a relatively large number of branches in Kunming.

Whole-genome resequencing of wild and cultivated cannabis reveals the genetic structure and adaptive selection of important traits​


DOI:10.1186/s12870-022-03744-0
 
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acespicoli

Well-known member
Historically, as discussed in the text,
“Sativa” formerly represented landraces of South Asian heritage, and
“Indica” formerly represented Central Asian landraces.
This key is not intended for the identification of “Sativa” and “Indica” strains commercially available today
ATHC/CBD ratio always ≥7, often much more. Mature achenes usually ≥ 3.6 mm long (Fig. 3e, f); perianth mostly sloughed off, but often persistent in places (appearing as irregular spots or stripes); exposed exocarp exhibiting prominent venation; lacking a prominent protuberant base; not readily disarticulating from plantvar. indica (“Sativa” in the historical sense2)
BTHC/CBD ratio usually ≥7, sometimes less. Mature achenes usually <3.6 mm long (Fig. 3g, h); perianth persistent (covering exocarp and its venation), with strong pigmentation in a mottled or striped pattern; with a protuberant base; readily disarticulating from plantvar. himalayensis
ATHC/CBD ratio <7 (almost always >2). Mature achenes usually ≥ 3.6 mm long (Fig. 3a, b); perianth mostly sloughed off (appearing as irregular spots or stripes); exposed exocarp exhibiting prominent venation; lacking a prominent protuberant base; not disarticulating from plant, and often trapped in the dense inflorescencevar. afghanica (“Indica” in the historical sense2)
BTHC/CBD ratio often <2. Mature achenes usually < 3.6 mm long (Fig. 3c, d); perianth persistent (covering exocarp and its venation), with strong pigmentation in a mottled or striped pattern; with a protuberant base; readily disarticulating from plantvar. asperrima
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Representative achenes of four varieties A indica, Rajshahi (Bangladesh), Clarke 1877 (BM) B indica, Coimbatore (India), Bircher 1893 (K) C indica, South Africa, Hillig 1996; (IND) D himalayensis neotype E himalayensis, Bareilly (India), Roxburgh 1796 (K). F himalayensis, East Bengal (Bangladesh) Griffith 1835 (GH) G afghanica neotype H afghanica epitype I afghanica Yarkant (Xīnjiāng), Henderson 1871 (LE) J asperrima lectotype K asperrima Nuristān (Afghanistan), Street 1965 (F) L Kailiyskiy Alatau (Kazakhstan), Semenov-Tyan-Shansky 1857 (LE).


Variety 1: South Asian domesticate
Achene, usually ≥ 3.6 mm long, globose to elongate, exocarp green-brown; abscission zone poorly developed.

Variety 2: South Asian wild-type

Achene usually <3.6 mm long, exocarp green-brown; with an elongated base and abscission zone that is relatively narrow.

Variety 3: Central Asian domesticate

Achene usually ≥ 3.6 mm long, exocarp green to gray; base blunt and lacking well-developed abscission zone.

Variety 4: Central Asian wild-type

Achene small, oval to elongate, exocarp dark olive colored, with an elongated base.
 

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