If you download the pdf I linked above it explains it all, but in great detail.
In short: The "tailpipe(s)" coming out of the bottom of the upper bucket are packed with media. A float valve, generally in a separate control bucket linked to each bottom bucket, is used to keep the levels in the lower bucket at each site at a certain level.
What this does is eliminate the perched water table from the rootzone and concentrates it in a smaller area in the tailpiece. An adjustable float valve allows you to change the height of this level if need be. The water level is literally sucked down into the tailpiece due to various physical laws that govern fluids. Because of this, you get a more even rootzone and can flood more often with better results, as well as recirculate with ease due to lack of anaerobic areas for root rot to take hold.
...at least that is the theory behind it.
Hopefully someone else will chime in and correct me where appropriate and give you some more info as needed.
pretty good!