Take notice how most of these Peer Reviewed Studies are from 2014 and the one above from May 2014..... New problems for the New Era... Adapt or Perish...
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Dud Identification Collective Knowledge.
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http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2137/1/Duduk_Bojan_TESI.pdf
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION
OF PHYTOPLASMAS
DETECTED IN AGRONOMICALLY RELEVANT
CROPS IN SERBIA
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION
OF PHYTOPLASMAS
DETECTED IN AGRONOMICALLY RELEVANT
CROPS IN SERBIA
http://www.bulletinofinsectology.org/pdfarticles/vol64-2011-S173-S174maclean.pdf
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant for understanding
phytoplasma interactions with plant and insect hosts
Abstract
With increasingly strict restrictions being imposed upon the utilization of environmentally damaging pesticides, research must
focus upon the development of phytoplasma-resistant crops as a strategy to control disease outbreak. An enhanced understanding
of the mechanisms by which phytoplasmas infect their plant hosts will facilitate achieving this objective. In this study, we report
that Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches Broom (AY-WB; ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) readily infects the model
plant Arabidopsis thaliana as transmitted by the aster leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus. Inoculated plants exhibit symptoms
that are characteristic of infection with AY-WB, including witches broom, virescence, phyllody and increased leafhopper fecundity
indicating that the AY-WB-Arabidopsis thaliana interaction represents an experimental pathosystem to enable research into
phytoplasma virulence. Previously, 56 candidate effectors were identified by mining the fully sequenced AY-WB genome for
genes encoding secreted proteins. Studying these effectors resulted in the identification of three AY-WB effectors that induce
various phenotypes in A. thaliana, including phyllody and increased leafhopper fecundity. Thus, the model plant A. thaliana has
allowed rapid progress with understanding how phytoplasma effectors alter plant development and plant-insect interactions.
Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant for understanding
phytoplasma interactions with plant and insect hosts
Abstract
With increasingly strict restrictions being imposed upon the utilization of environmentally damaging pesticides, research must
focus upon the development of phytoplasma-resistant crops as a strategy to control disease outbreak. An enhanced understanding
of the mechanisms by which phytoplasmas infect their plant hosts will facilitate achieving this objective. In this study, we report
that Aster Yellows phytoplasma strain Witches Broom (AY-WB; ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’) readily infects the model
plant Arabidopsis thaliana as transmitted by the aster leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus. Inoculated plants exhibit symptoms
that are characteristic of infection with AY-WB, including witches broom, virescence, phyllody and increased leafhopper fecundity
indicating that the AY-WB-Arabidopsis thaliana interaction represents an experimental pathosystem to enable research into
phytoplasma virulence. Previously, 56 candidate effectors were identified by mining the fully sequenced AY-WB genome for
genes encoding secreted proteins. Studying these effectors resulted in the identification of three AY-WB effectors that induce
various phenotypes in A. thaliana, including phyllody and increased leafhopper fecundity. Thus, the model plant A. thaliana has
allowed rapid progress with understanding how phytoplasma effectors alter plant development and plant-insect interactions.
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/import_export/plants/manuals/emergency/downloads/nprg-phytoplasma.pdf
USDA
Candidatus Phytoplasma spp
USDA
Candidatus Phytoplasma spp
Probably the reason why testing has not been done yet in relation to broads, is that when most people have broad mites the last thing they think of is treating plants to send off to a lab. but from this point hopefully anyone who has had broad mites will hopefully be able to provide a sample.
another thing is that not a whole amount is really known about broad mites and what they carry. it seems that many plant diseases rely on particular carriers, so its likely that it could be a virus specific to broad mites. some virus are very interesting but scary at the same time lol.
another thing is that not a whole amount is really known about broad mites and what they carry. it seems that many plant diseases rely on particular carriers, so its likely that it could be a virus specific to broad mites. some virus are very interesting but scary at the same time lol.
CDFA will not accept MMJ samples because they receive Federal funding. I've tried and they want to help but cannot.
If you contact CDFA, tell them you are a small gardener that grows for a local farmers market and you are facing disease pressure. Send samples that cannot be identified as cannabis. Send soil, roots, stems but don't send leaves.
If you contact CDFA, tell them you are a small gardener that grows for a local farmers market and you are facing disease pressure. Send samples that cannot be identified as cannabis. Send soil, roots, stems but don't send leaves.
I think you are right about phytoplasma being a serious emerging threat in agriculture/horticulture, and I do think that some people in our industry, maybe many, especially in California, are victims of this new, crippling scourge. I am unsure of the magnitude of the problem there in Cali, we don't have it in AZ yet as far as I know.
I think there are a number of problems that people are lumping under the category "duds". I think that of all the things that seem to be going on, the one you have focused on in your particular case, whether that is what is wrong with other people's duds, is potentially the most dangerous. That's why I decided to concentrate on that for now.
So thank you Storm Shadow, for helping me shift my focus to trying to understand and get ahead of this particular pathogen, and for you initiative in not beating around the bush when it comes to strategies to mitigate the effects now. We do not need to fully understand the problem to start remediation/prevention through IPM that includes a tightening and refining of what acceptable cultural practices in the industry should be.
I have the feeling that like human disease (AIDS, Ebola, etc), new pathogens will keep emerging from natural pools and enter the propagatory chain of agriculture. We have to be ready for them, some could make phytoplasma look like a case of the sniffles.
So even if it is not phyoplasma in your case, I believe that proceeding as if it were is the best course of action. I do think it is very likely that your case is phytoplasma though.
I am glad that you find my contributions useful. As I said before I am thankful to you for raising the alarm on this issue.
Hi Sam
Yeah, I seem to be reposting some stuff that you and other people have already done, that's what I get for breaking my rule on not commenting in a thread without reading the whole thing first. In trying to save time I ended up spending more time recapitulating stuff already said than I would have if I had just read the whole thing in the first place.
It looks like whatthe215 has already done this:
Hi whatthe215
Wow that is really good info, thanks. Someone should send in suspect roots, say they are hackberry or something that had what you think is symptoms of Witches' Broom.
Also, here is a list of the cooperative extension labs in the part of California that may be convenient for some suspected phytoplasma victims. Some of them are very good:
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION CENTRAL SIERRA
LIST OF LABORATORIES FOR TISSUE/SOIL/WATER ANALYSIS
two leads popped up today.i know someone with some duds to run through lab for a pcr for phytoplasma and a handful of other things unless i can get a high through put test. hopefully i can get a full list of all known pathgens.its unfortunately a backdoor deal through a friend at a lab so its not a resource for others but hey at least its a start. if it works ill post the process and results. fingers crossed
Good idea. Are broad/cyclamen mites excluded as a possible cause of these "duds"? And what strain is it?
I will say this, the only time i saw dud like symptoms with several strains across an entire flood tray, was when i had aphids. It was branches though never entire plants. I like how serious you guys are about getting to the bottom of this shit. My aphids have been long gone and so are the duds minus the recent gg4 drama. That was so weird. I feel bad for anyone dealing with this.
the two leads werent for plants they were leads for LABS. so yeah actually i am trying to contact my buddy who has had it and a few other folks to see if they will mail me a sample to send in. as for bm caused? if i knew the answer to that this thread would be dead.
Most of the Cannabis pathogens are listed in "Hemp Diseases and Pests" You can get it on Amazon. I have the book but I hate typing lots from a book. Cannabis has a lot of Pests and Diseases, maybe the list could be divided up by chapters? Or pest categories? And each sections pests or disease typed up on separate lists by different volunteers and all posted, any volunteers? It would help if you already have the book or can borrow it to make a list to post. We could even divide the 4 into small sections if it is too much for one person. We really only need the names of the Pests and Diseases to start with.
1. Insects and Mites and nematodes
2. Fungal diseases
3. Other Cannabis Pests and Pathogens
4. Abiotic Diseases
5. Post Harvest Pathogens probably not relevant.
Pg 5 has a Simpleton's key, Identification Keys, and 6 top ten disease and pest problems, indexed with page numbers.
Pg 211-218 has a dichotomous key of diseases and pests.
The book does not include info on Broad Mites or Cyclamen Mites, but does include Oriental Mite Eutetranychus orientalis, and the Privet Mites Brevipalpus obovatus & Brevipalpus rugulosus as well as Ta Ma Mites Typhlodromus cannabis as well as Russet Mites, Viruses and Bacterial diseases, Tetranychus urticae Spider Mites.
It is not 100% complete but a real good place to start, then any other pests or diseases can be added with references to where the info is from.
-SamS
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The reason I asked about BM causation is: You can tell if "duds" are caused by BMs, simply by scoping the undersides of leaves for eggs. There should not be any mystery there.
Can you scan it?
I do not want to scan it, I want a just list of just the pests and diseases not all the rest of the info.
-SamS
SO GLAD I FOUND THIS THREAD.
YOU GUYS NEED TO SEE THREAD ON (well i cant say what site)
RUNTED AND STUNTED PLANTS thread name
WE ARE DEALING WITH TOO. ITS FCKIN WEIRD MAN!!!!!!!!!
PLZ READ THREAD. IM WORKING WITH THE GUY WHO STARTED THE THREAD.
sorry to refer to another site but, you need to see this.
its not fusarium. its weird.
2nd hand info but i think our samples will be dna sequenced too.
YOU GUYS NEED TO SEE THREAD ON (well i cant say what site)
RUNTED AND STUNTED PLANTS thread name
WE ARE DEALING WITH TOO. ITS FCKIN WEIRD MAN!!!!!!!!!
PLZ READ THREAD. IM WORKING WITH THE GUY WHO STARTED THE THREAD.
sorry to refer to another site but, you need to see this.
its not fusarium. its weird.
2nd hand info but i think our samples will be dna sequenced too.
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Hey I didn't read the thread, but I looked at the pictures in the first post. That example is probably the most Witches' Broom looking one I've seen so far.
Thanks for the heads up, I will have to read the thread when I get time.
We Solidarity said:So here's a shot of a dudded out plant next to a healthy one
And a close shot of a healthy top (left) and a dudded top (right)
Notice how the dud leaves are all the same size, shiny, and have very deep serration on the margin. Stems are weak and break easily if flexed. Node devolpment is twice the average but is weaker and smaller.
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