What's new
  • Please note members who been with us for more than 10 years have been upgraded to "Veteran" status and will receive exclusive benefits. If you wish to find out more about this or support IcMag and get same benefits, check this thread here.
  • Important notice: ICMag's T.O.U. has been updated. Please review it here. For your convenience, it is also available in the main forum menu, under 'Quick Links"!

6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) to Possibly Increase Budset and Productivity of Marijuana

dizzlekush

Member
The intention of this thread is to explore the possibility of using 6-Benzylaminopurine, (also called benzyladenine, and from here on out referred to as BAP), a synthetic cytokinin, to increase the bud-set and productivity of marijuana, along with several other possible uses. To aid in this process i have gathered a fairly extensive amount of literature on the horticultural applications of BAP. Unfortunately do to lack of technical prowess and a 1MB file size limit on files to upload, not all information can be shared. If anyone has any other studies or literature of a scientific nature about BAP that i do not have included, id appreciate it if you could share said information. Id like to make this the most complete compilation of information about BAP that can be accessed without money or affiliations.

The main reason I am looking at BAP over other cytokinins is due to its lack of storage requirements, its ability to stay active in solution for an extended amount of time, and its high level of phyto-activity compared to other cytokinins. I have looked over what patents i could find that were disclosing the details and formulations of commercial BAP formulations, and out of that research i've made a very simple BAP formulation consisting of BAP, potassium hydroxide and methanol. If anyone wants to possibly formulate a similar solution they can PM me, but first look up the dangers of working with methanol and potassium hydroxide as both have the potential to blind and possibly kill you or cause other permanent damage.


:joint: All articles are provided in full in the attachments below. The abstract of each article has been publicly displayed for your convenience. :joint:



Benzyladenine Affects Cell Division and Cell Size during Apple Fruit Thinning
Paul T. Wismer and J.T.A. Proctor

"Benzyladenine (BA), carbaryl (CB), daminozide (DM), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) were applied postbloom as fruitlet thinning agents to mature ‘Empire’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. BA, NAA, and CB reduced fruit set and yield per tree, and increased fruit size, percent dry weight, soluble solidscontent and return bloom. Fruit size was reduced, return bloom, length : diameter ratio and flesh firmness were increased, and fruit set and yield unaltered by DM. Although fruit set and yield were similar for BA, NAA, and CB, BA treated fruit were larger, indicating that BA increased fruit size beyond the effect attributable to chemical thinning alone. BA increased the rate of cell layer formation in the fruit cortex, indicating that BA stimulated cortical cell division. NAA, CB and DM had no effect on cell division rate. Mean cortical cell diameter at harvest was increased by NAA and CB and reduced by DM. Cell diameter at harvest in BA-treated fruit was similar to the control. These data support the hypothesis that BA-induced fruit size increase in ‘Empire’ apple results from greater numbers of cells in the fruit cortex, whereas the fruit size increase due to NAA or CB is a consequence of larger cell size."
Benzyladenine Treatment Significantly Increases the Seed Yield of the Biofuel Plant Jatropha curcas
Bang-Zhen Pan & Zeng-Fu Xu

"Jatropha curcas, a monoecious perennial bio- fuel shrub belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, has few female flowers, which is one of the most important reasons for its poor seed yield. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of the plant growth regulator 6-benzyladenine (BA) on floral development and floral sex determination of J. curcas. Exogenous application of BA significantly increased the total number of flowers per inflorescence, reaching a 3.6-fold increase (from 215 to 784) at 160 mg/l of BA. Furthermore, BA treatments induced bisexual flowers, which were not found in control inflorescences, and a substantial increase in the female- to-male flower ratio. Consequently, a 4.5-fold increase in fruit number and a 3.3-fold increase in final seed yield were observed in inflorescences treated with 160 mg/L of BA, which resulted from the greater number of female flowers and the newly induced bisexual flowers in BA-treated inflorescences. This study indicates that the seed yield of J. curcas can be increased by manipulation of floral development and floral sex expression."
Cytokinin Regulation of Flower and Pod Set in Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)
L. NAGEL, R. BREWSTER, W. E. RIEDELL and R. N. REESE

"Exogenous application of cytokinin to raceme tissues of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been shown to stimulate flower production and to prevent flower abortion. The effects of these hormone applications have been ascertained for treated tissues, but the effects of cytokinins on total seed yields in treated plants have not been evaluated. Our objectives were to examine the effects of systemic cytokinin applications on soybean yields using an experimental line of soybeans, SD-87001, that has been shown to be highly sensitive to exogenous cytokinin application. Soybeans were grown hydroponically or in pots in the greenhouse, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) was introduced into the xylem stream through a cotton wick for 2 weeks during anthesis. After the plants had matured, the number of pods, seeds per pod, and the total seed weight per plant were measured. In the greenhouse, application of 3.4 X 10^7 moles of BA resulted in a 79 % increase in seed yield compared with controls. Results of field trials showed much greater variability within treatments, with consistent, but non-significant increases in seed number and total yields of about 3%. Data suggest that cytokinin levels play a significant role in determining total yield in soybeans, and that increasing cytokinin concentrations in certain environments may result in increased total seed production."
Effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP), coconut milk (CM) and manure applications on leaf senescence and yield in photoperiod sensitive cowpea variety (Kanannado)
F. B. Mukhtar, M. Mohammed and A. H. Ajeigbe

"The relationship between leaf senescence in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] and yield was studied in pot grown population of a local variety, kanannado. Treatments comprising of farm yard manure (single and double application), 200 ppm benzyl amino purine (BAP), 15% coconut milk (CM) and a combination of both manure and the hormones were also applied to determine their effects on senescence and yield. The experiment was carried out at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (I.I.T.A), Kano station, Nigeria. Chlorophyll level was increased by all the treatments with greater increase in the 200ppm BAP and 15% CM treated plants. The level of chlorophyll also decreased with increase in age of the cowpea plants. Senescence commenced earlier and progressed faster in the manure treated plants while it was significantly delayed by 200ppm BAP and 15% CM. Fodder and grain yields were greater in all the treated cowpea plants compared with the control. Interactive effects were observed in the combined treatments (manure +15% coconut milk and manure +200 ppm BAP) as chlorophyll increased above that of manure and control plants. Also senescence process was delayed and yield was increased. The study suggests that leaf senescence in the photoperiod sensitive cowpea could be delayed by application of 200 ppm BAP, 15% CM and a combination of manure +15% CM and manure +200 ppm BAP and the delayed senescence resulted in increase in yield."
Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Benzyladenine on Growth, Yield and Chemical Constituents of Tuberose Plants
Rawia A. Eid, R.Kh.M. Khalifa and S.H.A. Shaaban

"This study was conducted in Oseim district, Giza governorate, during the two successive seasons of 2007 and 2008, to investigate the effect of zinc sulphate and benzyladenine foliar application on the flowers, yield and some chemical constituents of Polianthes tuberosa L. plants. The soil of the experiments was clay loam in texture, tented to alkalinity in reaction and had low content of zinc. Plants were sprayed three times with Benzyladenine (BA) (N-6-benzylaminoacid at (25, 50 and 100 ppm) and zinc sulphate at (0.75, 1.50 and 3 g/l). All studied parameters of flowering characteristics, number of bulblets/plant and fresh weight of bulbet and bulblet / plant were significantly increased by foliar spraying of zinc (Zn) or benzyladenine (BA), at all investigated rates over the control. The increase of Zn or BA rates from the lower to the middle rates significantly increased all floral characters and further increments of either Zn or BA rates had no significant effect or declined some of the investigated flowering traits and bulbets yield. The interaction between Zn and BA had significant effect on flowering and bulbs characteristics of tuberose. Zn foliar application significantly increased N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content in plant organs, with the exception of K in flowers and P in bulbs also. Total carbohydrate contents of different tuberose plant organs and flowers oil percentage were significantly increased with Zn and or BA foliar spraying. The highest total carbohydrates content of different plant organs and flowers oil percentage resulted from the combination of 3.0g Zn/l with 100 ppm BA, and 1.5g Zn/l with 50 ppm BA, respectively. Component of essential oil of tuberose was analyzed."
Effects of different nitrogen forms and combination with foliar spraying with 6-benzylaminopurine on growth, transpiration, and water and potassium uptake and flow in tobacco
Guoying Wang, Chunjian Li & Fusuo Zhang

"NH4+-N can have inhibitory effects on plant growth. However, the mechanisms of these inhibitory effects are still poorly understood. In this study, effects of different N forms and a combination of ammonium + 6- benzylaminopurine (6-BA, a synthetic cytokinin) on growth, transpiration, uptake and flow of water and potassium in 88-days-old tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. K 326) plants were studied over a period of 12 days. Plants were supplied with equal amounts of N in different forms: NO3−, NH4NO3, NH4+ or NH4++6-BA (foliar spraying every 2 days after onset of the treatments). For determining flows and partitioning upper, middle and lower strata of three leaves each were analysed. During the 12 days study period, 50% replacement of NO3−-N by NH4+-N (NH4NO3) did not change growth, transpiration, uptake and flow of water and K+ compared with the NO3−-N treatment. However, NH4+-N as the sole N-source caused: (i) a substantial decrease in dry weight gain to 42% and 46% of the NO3−-N and NH4NO3 treatments, respectively; (ii) a marked reduction in transpiration rate, due to reduced stomatal conductance, illustrated by more negative leaf carbon-isotope discrimination (δ13C) compared with the NO3− treatment, especially in upper leaves; (iii) a strong reduction both in total water uptake, and in the rate of water uptake by roots, likely due to a decrease in root hydraulic conductivity; (iv) a marked reduction of K+ uptake to 10%. Under NH4+ nutrition the middle leaves accumulated 143%, and together with upper leaves 206% and the stem 227% of the K+ currently taken up, indicating massive mobilisation of K+ from lower leaves and even the roots. Phloem retranslocation of K+ from the shoot and cycling through the root contributed 67% to the xylem transport of K+, and this was 2.2 times more than concurrent uptake. Foliar 6-BA application could not suppress or reverse the inhibitory effects on growth, transpiration, uptake and flow of water and ions (K+) caused by NH4+-N treatment, although positive effects by 6-BA application were observed, even when 6-BA (10−8M) was supplied in nutrient solution daily with watering. Possible roles ofc ytokinin to regulate growth and development of NH4+- fed plants are discussed."
Effects of foliar application of BAP on source and sink strength in four six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars
Shahab Maddah Hosseini & Kazem Poustini & Ali Ahmadi

"A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of foliar application of a synthetic cytokinin (BAP) on source and sink strength of four different six-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Different spraying treatments consisting of spraying on whole plant, spraying only on leaves and spraying only on ears started at anthesis and continued for 7 days. One additional spraying was carried out on late period of grain filling. Results showed that spraying only on leaves did not affect ear weight, grain yield and 1,000-grain weight, while the two other treatments increased all above mentioned traits. Neither of treatments affected stem weight, biological yield and contribution of stem reserves in grain filling. Exogenous cytokinin did not increase photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content in treated leaves until late period of grain filling, although there was no significant increase in final grain weight due to late application of BAP. Our results suggested that effects of foliar application of BAP were mostly due to increased sink size soon after anthesis and increased sink demand probably met by current photosynthesis of organs other than leaves, like ear green tissues."
Effects of foliar applied benzyladenine on grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
DANIEL O. CALDIZ, JOSE BELTRANO, LAURA V. FERNANDEZ, SANTIAGO J. SARANDON and CARLOS FAVORETTI

"The effects of foliar applications of nitrogen and benzyladenine (BA) on grain yield and grain protein of wheat grown under field conditions were studied over 2 years with 5 cultivars at2 locations. Nitrogen (N) at 20kg.ha-',and BA at 100 or 800 mg.l-'were applied alone or combined at pre and post-anthesis ; applications of BA at 8 mg.l-'were also made on individual ears in order to study the effect on cell number . Weekly determinations of the chlorophyll content of the flag leaf were conducted after anthesis to study leaf senescence . At harvest, yield, yield components and grain protein percentage were determined. N and BA applications delayed chlorophyll loss in the flag leaf, but modified neither yield nor yield components. Foliarly applied BA increased grain protein in four of the five cultivars tested . It is concluded that delay of the senescence induced by BA might allow more energy to be available for N uptake by the crop leading to an increase in grain protein."
Influence of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Fruit-Set and Seed Development in Two Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Genotypes
KEVIN E. CROSBY, LOUIS H. AUNG, AND GLENN R. Buss

"The influence of 6-benzylamnopurine (BA) on the premature abscission of of developing soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. fruits of 2 genotypes was studied. BA was aplied during the critical period of fruit-setting. The tested concentration range of BA was from 1 micromolar to 5 milimolar; 2 mllimolar was optimal. Spray application of 2 millimolar BA to terminal inflorescences at the Rs developmental stage of field-grown soybeans significantly increased fuit-set and seed yield of the Shore genotype during
three growing seasons. In contrast, the Essex genotype gave significant responses two out of three seasons. The response of Shore was generally more pronounced than that of Essex. The apical fruits on the inflorescences gave the greatest response to BA. Seed weight increase was apparent 3-4 weeks after BA treatment."
Response of Some White Maize Hybrids to Foliar Spray with Benzyl Adenine
Amin, A.A., El. Sh. M. Rashad, M.S. Hassanein and Nabila, M. Zaki

"Two field experiments were carried out at the experimental station of the National Research Centre at Shalakan Kalubia Governorate during the two successive seasons of 2005 and 2006 to study the response of some white maize hybrids to foliar spray with benzyl adenine. The results showed that there were significant differences between maize hybrids (S.C. 10, S.C. 123, S.C. 124, T.W. 310, T.W. 321, T.W. 322, T.W. 323 and T.W. 324) in growth characters at different stages of growth as well as photosynthetic pigments in the blades at 60, 75 and 90 days from sowing ( except chl. b at 60 and 75 days from sowing). In addition, there were significant differences between maize hybrids in yield and its components ( except number of rows / ear and harvest index). Foliar application of benzyl adenine ( 50 and 100 mg/l) caused significant increase in growth characters and photosynthetic pigments in blades at different stages of growth. Increasing concentration of benzyl adenine from 50 to 100 mg/l accompanied with significant increase in yield and its components ( except number of rows / ear and harvest index). Interaction between maize hybrids and benzyl adenine concentrations caused significant increase in plant height at silky and milky ripe stages, stem diameter at milky and ripe stages, 4th leaf area at silky and milky stages, dry weight / plant at silky and milky stages, chl. a and b at milky stages, total carotenoids at milky and ripe stages, as well as, 100 grain weight and grain yield / plant at harvest. The response of maize hybrids was raising under higher concentration of benzyl adenine (100 mg / l ) than the lower ones ( 50 mg / l ) especially S.C. 10 for the highest grain index ( 100-grain weight ) and grain yield / plant over the other maize hybrids or untreated plants."
 

Attachments

  • Benzyladenine Affects Cell Division and Cell Size during Apple Fruit Thinning.pdf
    100.2 KB · Views: 98
  • Response of Some White Maize Hybrids to Foliar Spray with Benzyl Adenine.pdf
    119.7 KB · Views: 76
  • Influence of 6-Benzylaminopurine on Fruit-Set and Seed Development in Two Soybean, Glycine max (.pdf
    843.5 KB · Views: 93
  • Effects of foliar applied benzyladenine on grain yield and grain protein in wheat (Triticum aest.pdf
    363.2 KB · Views: 95
  • Effects of foliar application of BAP on source and sink strength in four six-rowed barley (Horde.pdf
    222.9 KB · Views: 74
  • Effects of different nitrogen forms and combination with foliar spraying with 6-benzylaminopurin.pdf
    388.9 KB · Views: 74
  • Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Benzyladenine on Growth, Yield and Chemical Constituent.pdf
    55.7 KB · Views: 77
  • Effect of benzyl amino purine (BAP), coconut milk (CM) and manure applications on leaf senescenc.pdf
    143 KB · Views: 83
  • Cytokinin Regulation of Flower and Pod Set in Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.).pdf
    140.5 KB · Views: 72
  • Benzyladenine Treatment Significantly Increases the Seed Yield of the Biofuel Plant Jatropha cur.pdf
    748.2 KB · Views: 74

dizzlekush

Member
Continued

Continued

Role of cytokinin in enhanced productivity of maize supplied with NH4 and NO3
K. D. SMICIKLAS and F. E. BELOW

"Supplying both N forms (NH4 + NO3) to the maize (Zea mays L.) plant can optimize productivity by enhancing reproductive development. However, the physiological factors responsible for this enhance- ment have not been elucidated, and may include the supply of cytokinin, a growth-regulating substance. Therefore, field and gravel hydroponic studies were conducted to examine the effect of N form (NH 4 + NO 3 versus predominantly NO 3) and exogenous cytokinin treatment (six foliar applications of 22 ixM 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) during vegetative growth versus untreated) on productivity and yield of maize. For untreated plants, NH 4 + NO 3 nutrition increased grain yield by 11% and whole shoot N content by 6% compared with predominantly NO 3 . Cytokinin application to NO3-grown field plants increased grain yield to that of NH4 + NO3-grown plants, which was the result of enhanced dry matter partitioning to the grain and decreased kernel abortion. Likewise, hydroponically grown maize supplied with NH2 + NO 3 doubled anthesis earshoot weight, and enhanced the partitioning of dry matter to the shoot. NH 4 + NO 3 nutrition also increased earshoot N content by 200%, and whole shoot N accumulation by 25%. During vegetative growth, NH4 + NO 3 plants had higher concentrations of endogenous cytokinins zeatin and zeatin riboside in root tips than NO2-grown plants. Based on these data, we suggest that the enhanced earshoot and grain production of plants supplied with NH 4 + NO 3 may be partly associated with an increased endogenous cytokinin supply."
Sucrose concentration in liquid media affects soluble carbohydrates, biomass and storage quality of micropropagated hosta
Vani Gollagunta1,2, Jeffrey W. Adelberg1, James Rieck3 & Nihal Rajapakse

"The effects of sucrose concentration (1, 3, 5, or 7% w/v) in liquid media, in the presence and absence of benzylaminopurine (BAP), on internal carbohydrate status and growth of Hosta tokudama Tratt.‘Newberry Gold’ during the multiplication phase (stage II) was investigated. Cultures from all treatment combinations were trans- ferred to media containing 3% (w/v) sucrose during the rooting phase (stage III). At the end of the stage III, these micropropagules were subjected to 5 weeks of storage at 10◦C under low light (photosynthetic photon flux of 5 μmol m−2s−1). Endogenous concentrations of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose) in the plantlets increased linearly as the media sucrose concentration increased from 1% to 7% during stage II. Root and shoot biomass increased with increasing media sucrose concentration. BAP increased the biomass and multiplication rate but did not affect internal concentration of soluble sugars. While in storage, endogenous sugar levels and plantlet dry weight remained unchanged for all treatments. Following storage, plants originally cultured in 5% and 7% media sucrose had higher dry weight and less leaf chlorosis than those cultured in 1% and 3% media. Differences in endogenous soluble sugar levels at the end of stage III rooting, and after storage were related to the sucrose concentration of the initial stage II multiplication medium. Increased media sucrose levels during the multiplication cycle has a positive, long-term effect on plant morphology and quality."
The use of benzyladenine in orchard fruit growing: a mini review.
T. Bubán

"Plant growth regulators (PGRs) can be well integrated into orchard production systems. Benzyladenine (BA) can be considered to be an endogenous-like compound which provides very little risk to the environment. A precon- dition of precocious bearing in young trees is the development of a canopy structure which has good cropping potential and this can be achieved by using BA. Fruit thinning with BA in mature trees can result in larger fruit size and increased return bloom the following year. However, the temperature dependence of the thinning re- sponse remains a problem to be resolved. The efficiency of PGRs is determined by the physiological age of trees, by the environmental conditions at application and by the application methods used."
:joint: While BAP will remain a focus in the following articles, said articles focus will be on the effects of multiple other PGRs as well. :joint:



1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine thinning of a common slender spindle ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple orchard. II: Partial tree spraying
M. STOPAR, G. LESKOŠEK and A. SIMONČIC

"Mature slender spindle ‘Jonagold’/M.9 apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees were thinned using 10 mg l–1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 100 mg l–1 6-benzyladenine (BA) and an axial fan sprayer at a spray volume of 1,500 l ha–1 applied to the whole canopy, or with smaller volumes, where only the upper half of each canopy was sprayed. Partial spray applications of NAA or BA (at 1,000 l ha–1, 750 l ha–1, or 500 l ha–1) to the upper half of the trees did not cause any reduction in final fruit numbers on the upper half, or on the lower half of each tree. When the whole tree was sprayed to run-off with the same thinning agent, or at 1,500 l ha–1, successful thinning on both the upper and lower parts of the canopy occurred. Good spray coverage (from 51% to 77%) was also observed on leaves at all canopy positions measured, when whole trees were sprayed at 1,500 l ha–1. The development of an innovative crop load regulation strategy was an objective of the ISAFRUIT Smartfruit Project."
EFFECT OF ABSCISIC ACID AND BENZYLADENINE ON GROWTH AND ION ACCUMULATION OF WHEAT UNDER SALINITY STRESS
A.R. GURMANI, A. BANO AND M. SALIM

"A glass-house pot experiment was conducted to assess the role of Abscisic acid (ABA) and Benzyladenine (BA) on growth and ion accumulation of two spring wheat cultivars viz., cv. Inqulab-91 and cv. SAARC-1 under salinity stress. Seeds of both cultivars were treated prior to sowing with ABA and BA each at 10-5 M for 24h. Three weeks old plants of both the cultivars were exposed to 0 and 100 mol m-3 NaCl. Plants were harvested three weeks after salt treatment. Fresh and dry weight of shoot and root decreased with salt treatment, whereas ABA and BA treatments caused a significant ameliorative effect on both the cultivars. Under salt stress, plant height was more adversely affected in Inqulab-91 than in SAARC-1. Salt treatment increased the concentration of Na+ and Cl- in flag leaf of both the cultivars. Both ABA and BA treated plants showed significant decrease in Na+ content but increased K+ content in flag leaf of both the cultivars. ABA and BA treatment decreased plant height but increased number of grains per spike and grain yield. ABA and BA treatments further augmented the stimulatory effect of salt on proline accumulation. Higher proline accumulation was observed in SAARC-1 than in Inqulab-91 with ABA and BA treatment. Under salt stress the hormone mediated osmoregulation by increased proline production and the selectivity in uptake and accumulation of toxic ions like Na+ and Cl- has been discussed. BA was more effective to increase chlorophyll “a” & “b, flag leaf area, number of grains per spike and grain yield, under salt stress as well as in non saline soil than ABA."
Effect of growth regulators on apple tree cv. ‘Jonagold King’ photosynthesis and yield parameters
Gintarė Šabajevienė, Nobertas Uselis, Nomeda Kviklienė,
Giedrė Samuolienė, Audrius Sasnauskas, Pavelas Duchovskis

"The primary biochemical and physiological effect of plant growth regulators determines secondary effects in fruit trees, witch might differently affect photosynthesis apparatus and influence fruit loading. Experiments were carried out at the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture in 2005–2008. Investigations included cv. ‘Jonagold King’ apple trees sprayed with growth regulators: Regalis (prohexadione-calcium), Cerone 480 SL (brand ethephon plant regulator) and Paturyl 10 SL (10 % benzyladenine). This study examined the effect of different action plant growth regulators on photosynthetic pigment system in apple tree leaves and variation of non-structural carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, maltose) concentrations in treated apple tree shoot bark and yield parameters.
Regalis and Paturyl 10 SL application increased and Cerone 480 SL application decre- ased accumulation of chlorophylls in fruit tree leaves. Storage of researched carbohydrates was found to be more active in apple trees treated with Regalis and Paturyl 10 SL. Fruit trees sprayed with Cerone 480 SL accumulated the lowest general quantity of sugars during winter and spring in the shoot bark tissues. Paturyl 10 SL and Cerone 480 SL aplication decreased fruit yield. The highest fruit weight was found in apple trees treated with Paturyl 10 SL."
EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BRINJAL AT KHAJURA, BANKE
M. D. Sharma

"A field study was conduced in split-plot design with three replications to assess the effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on morphological characters and yield of brinjal cvs. Pusa Purple Long (PPL) and Pusa Purple Cluster (PPC) as main plot factor at Khajura, Banke district during summer-rainy season of 2004. The sub-plot treatments composed of fresh water (control), 40 ppm NAA, 10 ppm GA3, 2 ppm 2,4-D, 300 ppm ethephon, 30 ppm BAP and 5 ppm triacontanol. The first spray was at flowering stage and the others at 20 days interval. The PGRs had no significant effect on plant height and stem diameter at the end of crop period and days to 100% plant flowering whereas the cultivars differed significantly. The PPL was earlier to 100% plant flowering, which took 33 days after transplanting. The treatments had no significant influence in fruit number per plant and fruit yield. The interaction effect showed that the. PPL did not produced statistically different fruit number per plant with respect to growth regulators, while it had significantly higher fruit yield (17.76 t/ha) at 40 ppm NAA than that at 10 ppm GA3 and 30 ppm BAP. The PPC produced significantly higher fruit number per plant and higher fruit yield (t/ha) at 30 ppm BAP than all other treatments except 5ppm triacontanol."
Effect of triacontanol on the lipid composition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves and its interaction with indole-3-acetic acid and benzyladenine
V . Shripathi & G. Sivakumar Swamy

"Application of triacontanol (TRIA), a long chain aliphatic alcohol (C-30), to cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L .) leaves resulted in an increase in dry weight and an alteration in lipid composition . A significant increase in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) was attained 24h after TRIA treatment. However, no significant change in any of the individual phospholipids was observed. Ben- zyladenine (BA) treatment increased only phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels without having any effect on either glycolipids or other phospholipids. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) initiated no significant change in the lipid composition. Combined treatment with TRIA and BA resulted in an increase of MGDG, DGDG and PC, indicating that the individual effects of these two growth regulators were not altered .
The combined treatment of IAA and TRIA did not bring about any change in the levels of MGDG and DGDG indicating that the effect of TRIA was nullified by IAA.MDGD is known to be involved in the packaging of photosystem I proteins . Whether TRIA-induced increase in dry weight which is due to the enhanced photosynthetic rate, is related to increased MGDG levels is not yet discernible ."
Effect of methyl ester of jasmonic acid and benzylaminopurine on growth and protein profile of excised cotyledons of Cucurbita pepo (zucchini)
K.I. Ananieva and E.D. Ananiev

"Treatment of excised marrow (Cucurbita pepo L., zucchini) cotyledons with methyl ester of jasmonic acid (MeJA) had no effect on their growth in darkness. On the other hand, MeJA induced the synthesis of three polypeptides (69, 60 and 43 kDa) and stimulated the accumulation of other polypeptides (97.4 and 53 kDa). These changes in the polypeptide profile were accompanied by a suppression of total protein and RNA synthesis as well as the activity of nuclear RNA polymerases. In contrast to MeJA, N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) significantly enhanced cotyledon growth and stimulated protein and RNA synthesis. Furthermore, BAP, when applied together with MeJA, was able to counteract some effects of MeJA including the appearance of specific MeJA-induced polypeptide bands."
EFFECTS OF METHYL JASMONATE WITH INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID AND 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE ON THE SECONDARY METABOLISM OF CULTURED ONOSMA PANICULATUM CELLS
JIAN DING, SHUAI SHI, BAO-HUA JIANG, YONG-HUA YANG, JIE HUANG, HENG-GUAN SHEN, KAI XIA, JUNFENG ZHANG, AND XIQUN JIANG

"Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) interacted significantly with both indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) to influence cell growth of cultured Onosma paniculatum cells. Cell growth decreased with increasing concentrations of MeJA from 0.004 – 4.45 mM with or without IAA and BA. The same concentrations of MeJA (0 – 4.45 mM) increased the cell growth with IAA and BA, when administered to the cultured cells in M9 medium. This was found to enhance the production of shikonin. The optimum time for MeJA addition for enhanced shikonin formation was 4 d after cell inoculation in M9 medium. Furthermore, shikonin formation was affected significantly by both MeJA/IAA and MeJA/BA combinations. Shikonin content was enhanced by increasing MeJA concentrations with IAA concentrations in the range of 0 – 28 mM and with BA concentrations in the range of 0–44.38mM in MeJA/IAA and MeJA/BA experiments, respectively. The optimal combination of MeJA and IAA was 4.45 mM and 0.28 mM, while MeJA and BA concentrations of 4.45 mM and 2.22 mM were optimal for shikonin formation. The result also showed that MeJA increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid-geranyltransferase (PHB-geranyltransferase) activities during the course of shikonin formation, but decreased the activity of PHB-O-glucosyltransferase within 9 d after inoculation. These results suggest that enhanced shikonin formation in cultured Onosma paniculatum cells induced by MeJA involves regulation of the key enzyme activities."
 

Attachments

  • EFFECTS OF METHYL JASMONATE WITH INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID AND 6-BENZYLAMINOPURINE ON THE SECONDARY M.pdf
    110.8 KB · Views: 72
  • Effects of Methyl Jasmonate and Benzylaminopurine on growth and protien profile of excised cotyl.pdf
    509.7 KB · Views: 62
  • Effect of triacontanol on the lipid composition of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) leaves and its.pdf
    415.6 KB · Views: 74
  • EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BRINJAL AT KHAJURA, BANKE.pdf
    105.4 KB · Views: 136
  • Effect of growth regulators on apple tree cv. ‘Jonagold King’ photosynthesis and yield parameter.pdf
    169.3 KB · Views: 83
  • EFFECT OF ABSCISIC ACID AND BENZYLADENINE ON GROWTH AND ION ACCUMULATION OF WHEAT UNDER SALINITY.pdf
    54.4 KB · Views: 79
  • 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzyladenine thinning of a common slender spindle ‘Jonagold’:M.9.pdf
    238.1 KB · Views: 79
  • The use of benzyladenine in orchard fruit growing.pdf
    50.3 KB · Views: 128
  • Sucrose concentration in liquid media affects soluble carbohydrates, biomass and storage quality.pdf
    203.1 KB · Views: 80
  • Role of cytokinin in enhanced productivity of maize supplied with NH4 and NO3.pdf
    563.3 KB · Views: 72

dizzlekush

Member
Continued

Continued

ENHANCEMENT OF GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID (NAA) AND BEZYLAMINOPURINE (BAP) IN SPINACH
FARAN DURRANI, MUHAMMAD SUBHAN, SULTAN MEHMOOD, SAIRA ABBAS and FAYYAZ CHAUDHARY

"The present research work was conducted at the Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad to evaluate the effect of growth regulators (NAA and BAP) on growth and yield components of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) during 2006. Different combinations and concentrations of NAA and BAP were tested to evaluate different vegetative parameters. The data were recorded at 40 and 60 days after sowing. Highest data for plant height at 40 DAS was recorded for the combined affect of NAA and BAP at a concentration of 10-3M (each). BAP at 10-4 M concentration showed maximum plant height at 60 DAS. Maximum number of leaves was shown by NAA10-5M both at 40 and 60 DAS. Increase in leaf length was observed for NAA10-5M and BAP10-4M both at 40 and 60 DAS. Significant variations were found for root length. Maximum root length was recorded for BAP (10-3M) at 40 DAS. At 60 DAS maximum root length was observed for BAP (10-5M) and NAA (10-3M). Mean values for shoot fresh weight indicated significant results. Shoot fresh weight was observed maximum for NAA (10-3M) and BAP (10- 3M). Maximum shoot dry weight was observed for the combined effect of NAA and BAP at a concentration of (10-3M each). Significant variations were found in root dry weight. Highest data for root dry weight was noted for NAA at 10-3M."
Improvement of Growth and Seed Yield Quality of Vicia faba L. Plants as Affected by Application of Some Bioregulators
Ibrahim, M.E, Bekheta, M.A., A. El-Moursi and N.A. Gaafar

"Growth improvement, yield parameters and its components, photosynthetic pigments, mineral ions contents as well as the seed yield quality (represented by total carbohydrate and protein contents) of Vicia faba L. plants were studied in a field experiment during two successive growth seasons under the influence of some bioregulators (GA3, IAA, benzyl adenine at the rate of 100 ppm or growth retardant ancymidol at the rate of 100 ppm). Generally, application of all the used treatments led to significant changes in the following items: plant height, average number of leaves, leaf area per plant and the dry weight of the shoot in both seasons. Application of benzyl adenine, IAA or ancymidol caused reduction in the flower abscission percentage and then producing the highest number of pod setting during the two seasons. All the used treatments of bioregulators caused marked changes in the seed yield and its components per plant ( pod length, number of pods / plant, number and weight of seeds per pod as well as weight of 100 seeds). Photosynthetic pigments and mineral ions (Ca, K, and Mg) contents were gradually increased with plant age up to 90 DAS due to application of the bioregulators. All the used bioregulators caused significant increase in the protein and total carbohydrate percentage of the produced seeds resulted from the treated plants. The highest values of protein (25.46 %) and carbohydrate (59.94 % ) were obtained from the application of benzyl adenine at the first season."
The Influence of Growth Regulators Absorbed by the Root on Sex Expression in Hemp Plants
M.Kh. Chailakhyan and V.N. Khryanin K.A.

"Application, through the root system, of growth regulators to hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants having ~3 pairs of visible leaves caused pronounced shifts of sex expression in the adult individuals. Treatment with gibberellic acid (25 mg/1) resulted in more than 80% of the plants being male, i.e. having staminate flowers (controls, ca. 30%). Treatment with 6-benzylaminopurine and with indole-3-acetic acid (ineither case, 15 mg/1) resulted in all plants being eitherfemale (pistillate flowers) or intersexes (bisexual flowers); treatment with abscisic acid (10 mg/1) had a similar but somewhat less pronounced effect."
Interactive effect of cytokinin and potassium on sink-source relationships in Lupinus angustifolius
Fei-Hu Liu and Nancy Longnecker

"This study examined whether increased K supply in conjunction with BAP could increase lupin seed yield and harvest index by enlarging sink volume (pod number), increasing assimilate and improving assimilate partition- ing to fill the additional pods induced by BAP treatment. Narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius, cv. Danja abs− mutant) was grown in a glasshouse, in pots containing sandy soil with four K treatments (0, 15, 60 and 120 mg K/kg soil). BAP (2 mM) was applied daily to all main stem flowers throughout the life of each flower from opening to senesced. BAP application did not affect assimilate production (as measured by total above-ground biomass), but changed assimilate partitioning. On BAP-treated plants, there were greater proportions of seed to pod wall dry weight on the main stem but smaller proportions on the branches, and an increased weight ratio of seed to pod wall overall which meant more assimilate was used for seed growth rather than pod wall growth. BAP increased the number of pods per plant by 35% and this more than compensated for the decreases in seeds per pod and seed weight. Therefore, there was an increased harvest index (+11%) and seed yield per plant (+13%) in BAP-treated plants. BAP also increased the number of pods with filled seeds (146%) on the main stem and main stem seed K+ concentration (from 0.81% to 0.87%). Added K increased biomass but only slightly affected assimilate partitioning. As applied K increased, relatively more assimilate was used for pod wall growth rather than seed growth. Added K increased seed yield per plant by about 14% due to increases in seed weight and the number of pods on the main stem. Moreover, K+ concentration in seeds and shoots increased with increasing level of applied K. Seed yield was enhanced more by BAP when K was supplied at high levels. Increasing K supply interacted positively with added BAP by increasing narrow-leaf lupin seed yield and harvest index through increases in assimilate supply and its partitioning into seeds."
Physiological effects of temperature and growth regulators on foliar chlorophyll, soluble protein, and cold hardiness in citrus
C.S. MAUK

"Leaf chlorophyll (Chl, A, B) and total soluble protein were assayed in greenhouse-grown 1S-year-old trees of 2 citrus types, trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliafa (L.) Raf.) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) exposed to 12 h (day/night) photoperiods in growth chambers under high (30 “/21 “C, day/night; noncold-hardening) and low (16 “/5 “C; cold-hardening) temperature regimes. Trees were sprayed 2 x per week for 5 weeks with one of the following solutions at 1OOpM: napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), paclobutrazol (2RS, 3RS)-l-(4-chlorophenyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-( 1,2,4- triazol-l-yl)pentan-3-01) (PPP333), benzyl-adenine (BA), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA,), minerals only (N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg) and BA (+) minerals. NAA, PP333, ABA and GA, decreased Chl A, B and soluble protein in both citrus types under cold-hardening conditions in contrast to increases with the use of BA and BA (+) minerals especially in trifoliate orange. Both BA and GA, increased Chl A, B and protein synthesis under high temperature in both citrus types. Under noncold-hardening temperatures, GA, enhanced Chl A, B but sharply reduced foliar protein concentration. Dieback of both cultivars following exposure to temperatures down to - 6.7 “C was decreased 7% by NAA sprays during noncold-hardening temperatures. Cold tolerance of noncold- hardened trifoliate orange trees was also improved with ABA and PP333. Foliar sprays of NAA (sour orange) and PP333 and BA (+) minerals (trifoliate) increased cold tolerance of cold-hardened trees by 8%. Results indicate that spray applications of growth regulators influence physiological factors associated with foliar functioning and cold tolerance in citrus during different temperature regimes."
Promoting branching of a potential biofuel crop Jatropha curcas L. by foliar application of plant growth regulators
Hafiz A. Abdelgadir & Steven D. Johnson & Johannes Van Staden

"Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae) has the potential to become a key biofuel crop. Manual pruning (MP) is one of the major management practices in com- mercial plantations of this crop, resulting in production of more branches and thus increased potential for more inflorescences leading to a higher seed yield. However, this method is time-consuming, labour-intensive and expensive. This study was conducted to determine the potential of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) to increase the number of lateral branches of J. curcas. A single foliar application of N6-benzyladenine (BA) at 12 mM signifi- cantly increased branches in both the pot (4.0) and field (13.2) trials compared to MP (1.8 and 5.7, respectively) and control (no new branches) plants. In the field, a single foliar application of 1.0 mM 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) resulted in a significant increment in the number of branches (15.9) after 7 months. Of all the PGRs examined, 2,3:4,6-di-O-isopropylidene-2-keto-L-gluconic acid (dik- egulac; DK) at 2.0 mM produced the maximum number of branches (18.0) in the field 7 months after application. Concentrations of 2.0 and 3.0 mM of 1,2-dihydro-3,6- pyridazinedione (maleic hydrazide; MH) significantly increased the number of branches, 4 and 7 months after spraying in both the pot trial in the shade house and field, respectively. Under field conditions, J. curcas plants responded better to all the PGRs (DK \ TIBA \ BA \ MH) when treated once, with insignificant variations in other growth parameters. This study indicates that a single foliar application of PGRs under field conditions can be an alternative method to MP for increasing the number of lateral branches of J. curcas."
Seed potato (Solarium tuberosum L.) yield and tuber number increase after foliar applications of cytokinins and gibberellic acid under field and glasshouse conditions
Daniel 0. Caldiz

"The purpose of these experiments is to determine the effects of foliar applications of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and gibberellic acid (GA) on tuber number production of seedpotatoes. In field experiments conducted during 1989/90 cv. Mail& was used and BAP, 50 mg.l-’ was foliarly applied at (1) tuber initiation, 36 days after emergence (DAE); (2) 54 DAE; and, (3) 64 DAE. Under glasshouse conditions, in 1991/92 cv. Spunta was used and BAP 50 mg.l-’ + GA 50 mg.l-’ were applied 30 and 37 days after planting/transplanting. In 1992 cv. Huinkul, Kennebec and Spunta were used and BAP 50 mg-1-l + GA 50 mg-1-l and “Biozyme” (Techie SA), a commercial product with auxin (IAA, 32.2 mg.l-‘), gibberellic acid (GA3, 32.2 rngel-‘) and cytokinins (zeatin, 83.2 mg.l-‘) at 5 ml.l-’ were applied. In cv. Mailen, a higher tuber number in the seed fraction (<80 g) was found when BAP was applied at each of the three crop stages, while applications 54 and 62 DAE also increased tuber number in the 80-400 g fraction. As a result of BAP applications, tuber yield was also significantly increased. In the glasshouse experiments, cv. Spunta showed a significant increase in minituber production in 3 out of 4 cases, either if the mother plant came from in vitro generated plantlets or minitubers, or if GA+BAP or Biozyme was applied. It can be concluded that the use of these PGRs under both field and glasshouse conditions in cvs. Mailen and Spunta can result in increased tuber number in the seed fraction."
STIMULATORY EFFECT OF NAA (NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID) AND BAP (BENZYL AMINOPURINE)ON FLOWERS, SEEDS, CHLOROPHYLL AND PROTEIN-CONTENT IN SPINACH (SPINACIA OLERACEA L.)
FARAN DURRANI, MUHAMMAD SUBHAN, SULTAN MEHMOOD, SAIRA ABBAS, ASIM MUHAMMAD and FAYYAZ CHAUDHARY

"The current research work was conducted at the Faculty of Biological sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad during the year 2006. The study was based on to apply the growth regulators (NAA and BAP) in preflowering and flowering stages to estimate their effects on seed formation, seed setting, chlorophyll and protein contents in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Highly significant value was concluded for number of bolts per plant through NAA at 10-3M concentration. Non-significant result was obtained in case of treatment for seed yield although maximum seed yield was recorded with concentraion of BAP (10-3M) and NAA (10-4M). At the same time, seed weight was noted as significantly increased; whereas maximum seed weight was achieved for NAA 10-5M. The present research work indicated that chlorophyll content was not affected by the application of BAP and NAA at different combinations and concentrations. For protein analysis the treatments in which NAA and BAP were applied in combination showed maximum variability in seed protein electrophoratic banding profile."
(Note that the article above is very similar to the first article on this post [e.g. same authors, same PGRs, same test plant], however the articles and testing done in articles are rather different)


The effect of GA3 and BA on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of calla lily (Zantedeschia aethiopica cv. Childsiana)
Najmedin Mortazavi, Rouh-Angiz Naderi, Nasrin Majidian, Behjat Naderi and Yavar Sharafi

"Flowering is a complex morphological happening that occurs in apical meristem of stem. This investigation was carried out to study the effects of two hormones including gibberellin (GA) and benzyl adenine (BA) on calla cut flower production. The rhizomes were dipped in GA solution with concentrations include (0, 100, 200 and 500 ppm). BA with concentrations (0, 100, 200 and 500 ppm) was sprayed on flowering stems until flowering time. The results showed that maximum flower yield was obtained in GA solution with concentrations of 500 ppm followed by BA solutions (200 and 500 ppm). However; flowering in control plants was occurred earlier than other plants. Maximum flower weight (54/97 gr) was observed in treatment 200 ppm GA followed by 0 ppm BA and application of 500 ppm GA and 500 ppm BA resulted to minimum flower weight (38/09 gr). Interaction effects of two hormones were significant on chlorophyll content. The maximum chlorophyll content was observed when 500 ppm gibberellins and 500 ppm benzyl adenine were applied in the same time."
Growth and physiological responses of Solanum lycopersicum to atonik and benzyl adenine under vernalized conditions
Samia Ali Haroun, Wafaa Mohamed Shukry, Mohamed Ali Abbas and Amr Mohamed Mowafy

"A foliar application of Atonik (250, 500 and 1000 ppm) and benzyl adenine (25, 50 and 100 ppm) under vernalization was investigated on Solanum lycopersicum (var. Beto 86) plant. All determined growth parameters (root length, root fresh and weights, shoot length, number of leaves, number of nodes, total leaf area, shoot fresh and dry weights and relative water content) were inhibited in response to treatment with vernalization. Meanwhile vernalization in combination with varying concentration of Atonik or benzyl adenine (BA) led to a general significant increase in these parameters. Vernalization alone or in combination with Atonik or benzyl adenine accelerated flowering especially in response to 1000 ppm Atonik or 50 ppm BA under vernalization treatment. Vernalization treatment significantly increased the concentration of chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids and consequently total pigments. While chlorophyll a/b is insignificantly affected. In general, vernalization and different concentrations of Atonik or BA led to a massive increase in these pigments. Glucose, sucrose, polysaccharides, ammonia, amino and soluble as well as total nitrogen and protein were increased in tomato plants under the influence of vernalization alone or in combination with Atonik or BA. Moreover, a general significant increase in the content of K+, Na+ and Ca++, were detected in both tomato root and shoot as a result of treatments. Vernalization caused a significant decrease in total auxins, gibberellic acid and different cytokinin fractions in the shoot of tomato plants, whereas abscisic acid increased significantly by this treatment. At vernalization, all concentrations of Atonik or BA reverse this situation as compared with control values."
 

Attachments

  • The effect of GA3 and BA on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of calla lily (Zant.pdf
    218.8 KB · Views: 93
  • STIMULATORY EFFECT OF NAA (NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID) AND BAP (BENZYL AMINOPURINE)ON FLOWERS, SEED.pdf
    103.7 KB · Views: 85
  • Seedpotato (SolariumtuberosumL.) yield andtuber number increaseafter foliar applications of cyto.pdf
    358.6 KB · Views: 80
  • Promoting branching of a potential biofuel crop Jatropha curcas L. by foliar application of plan.pdf
    401.3 KB · Views: 74
  • Physiological effects of temperature and growth regulators on foliar chlorophyll, soluble protei.pdf
    856.5 KB · Views: 91
  • Interactive effect of cytokinin and potassium on sink-source relationships in Lupinus angustifol.pdf
    233.6 KB · Views: 82
  • Influence of Growth Regulators Absorbed by the Root on Sex Expression in Hemp Plants.pdf
    149.5 KB · Views: 52
  • Improvement of Growth and Seed Yield Quality of Vicia faba L. Plants as Affected by Application .pdf
    187.8 KB · Views: 87
  • FOLIAR APPLICATION OF NAPHTHALENE ACETIC ACID (NAA) AND BEZYLAMINOPURINE (BAP) IN SPINACH.pdf
    102.3 KB · Views: 85
  • Growth and physiological responses of Solanum lycopersicum to atonik and benzyl adenine under ve.pdf
    167 KB · Views: 65

mofeta

Member
Veteran
However BAP does need to be dissloved in a solvent such as KOH, NaOH, or possibly EtOH (as suggested by super-grow.biz) to be mixed properly with water. If anyone has some prior use with BAP or chemistry prowess, some advice on D.I.Y. stock solutions would be helpful :tiphat:


Is there some reason you don't want to use one of the commercial preperations of BAP, like EXILIS PLUS, MAXCEL, or RITEWAY?

Also keep in mind that this is a toxicity category II compound.

Happy experimenting.
 

mrcreosote

Active member
Veteran
What It Can Do :

* 150 to 300 PPM: increase in flower size.
* 300 to 400 PPM: stem elongation was reduced.
* 1000 to 3000 PPM: will cause plant to branch out.

1. What Is 6-Benzylaminopurine?
6-Benzylaminopurine is a cytokinin that has a large array of effects. It speeds up cell growth and division, buds, flowering and branching.
www.agrocare.com.cn/Products/6-benzylaminopurine.htm

2. What Are The Effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine?
6-Benzylaminopurine has ben found (1) to increase the thickness of stems, increase the leaf surface and the number of side branches. At the same time root growth was slowed down. This is very likely because the larger leaves provide more nutrients to the plant and reduce the need for root mass. At higher concentrations of 300 to 400ppm stem elongation was reduced.
1)
http://altair.chonnam.ac.kr/~horti/vegeta/reseMan/chungsj/re1.htm

3. How Does 6-Benzylaminopurine Affect the Number of Branches?
The Ontario Hosta Society reports (1) that wetting a hosta-leaf with 1000 PPM to 3000 PPM will cause the plant to branch out simmilar to cutting the end of the branch without the damage that pruning would cause. A Plumeria Society Research Bulletin (2)also reports that if a branch is pruned 6-Benzylaminopurine will generate more branches than prunning alone.
1) www.rittenhouse.ca/hortmag/Hosta/Hosta-Spring00.htm
2) www.theplumeriasociety.org/prb/prb_1-2.html

4. How Is Benzylaminopurine Used to Improve Flowering?
One Benzylaminopurine medicinal marijuana user has reported that he used the BA6 at 300 PPM 4 weeks into bloom and the results were amazing, with the flowers being noticably bigger on the sprayed plants than the unsprayed plants 1 weeks after application. He tried it at 150 PPM but 300 PPM being better.

Copied from another MJ growsite. Hope it helps.
 

blueberrydrumz

Active member
ICMag Donor
i have found out that Bap @ 1000ppm will make plant branch out.. leaves will be bigger... especialy stems & branches will be thicker... @ 300 ppm on week 4 didnt see much difference to other plants ... i think more experimenting is needed.. peace
 

dizzlekush

Member
Is there some reason you don't want to use one of the commercial preperations of BAP, like EXILIS PLUS, MAXCEL, or RITEWAY?

Also keep in mind that this is a toxicity category II compound.

Happy experimenting.

@mofeta i have tried and failed to find an online source to purchase any of the commercial BAP products. if you or anyone else can find a source for any of the commercial BAP mixes, id be greatly appreciative if you could share the source with us.

And BAP is in toxicity category III, while all commercial formulations are in toxicity category II. As long as the proper eye, skin and mouth protection are used, there is no risks when using BAP. BAP is used commercially to grow apples, pistachios, strawberries, melons and many other edibles in California.
 

blueberrydrumz

Active member
ICMag Donor
@mofeta i have tried and failed to find an online source to purchase any of the commercial BAP products. if you or anyone else can find a source for any of the commercial BAP mixes, id be greatly appreciative if you could share the source with us.

hi dizzle, why dont you get BAP of Ebay and mix it your self!! much easier and you know exactly whot your putting in/on your plants!!
 

dizzlekush

Member
hi dizzle, why dont you get BAP of Ebay and mix it your self!! much easier and you know exactly whot your putting in/on your plants!!

The main reason I am looking at BAP over other cytokinins is due to its lack of storage requirements and its ability to stay active in solution for an extended amount of time. However BAP does need to be dissloved in a solvent such as KOH, NaOH, or possibly EtOH (as suggested by super-grow.biz) to be mixed properly with water. If anyone has some prior use with BAP or chemistry prowess, some advice on D.I.Y. stock solutions would be helpful

@blueberrydrumz i just might do that although the simplicity of pre-mixed solutions is so nice. But if im going to buy BAP, id want to buy it from a reputable source such as phytotechlabs.

Its actually even cheaper from Phytotech:
http://www.phytotechlab.com/detail.aspx?ID=141

The ebay source is from plantsandstuff.com so heres the options from plantsandstuff.com:
http://plantsandstuff.com/Products.html

the ebay option is a little more than double the price... they probably got their chemicals from Phytotech or Caymen or something and are just trying to make a few bucks being a useless middleman.
 

dizzlekush

Member
"BA treatments induced bisexual flowers"

could be the killer right there

this is on a dioecious plant that was originally genetically male. In Cannabis sativa, cytokinins induce female flowering while gibberellins induce male flowering. Spraying BAP on a female marijuana plant will do nothing but induce more female flowers, not cause hermaphroditic characteristics. however spraying BAP on a male marijuana plant could cause hermaphroditic characteristics.

When the shoots of young hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants were cut off the roots, cultured as cuttings, and regenerating (adventitious) roots were removed as soon as appearing, ca. 80-90% of the plants became male (had staminate flowers) whereas if the roots were allowed to develop a similar percent- age became female (pistillate flowers). Treatment of de-rooted cuttings with 6-benzylaminopurine (15 mg/ 1) restored the percent of female plants to ca. 80. It is suggested'that the root system plays an essential role in sex expression in hemp and that this role is related to cytokinin synthesis in the root.
One thing of interest though is all the pre-formulated BAP mixes that are around 1.9-2% all say to not spray within 84 days of harvest. after poring over toxicology info one more time i still cant find any reasoning for this 84 day restriction, nor can i find any regulation stating the 84 day requirement for consumable crops. anybody know anything about this?
 

Attachments

  • The Role of Roots in Sex Expression in Hemp Plants.pdf
    681.8 KB · Views: 97

mofeta

Member
Veteran
@mofeta i have tried and failed to find an online source to purchase any of the commercial BAP products. if you or anyone else can find a source for any of the commercial BAP mixes, id be greatly appreciative if you could share the source with us.

Here is a link to buy Configure from J.R. Johnson (big greenhouse supply place).


Here is a good resource for you:

Greenhouse Product News

This is a very useful publication. Use the "PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS SEARCH" page and enter the name of the product you are interested in.

Select the "Product" search and enter "Configure", and check out the result. (I would post a link to the search result page, but it is a Javascript thing, so I can't.)

As you can see the main use of Configure in greenhouse crops is to increase branching. Is that what you are after?

Here is an article from GPNMag on the use of configure in Echinacea.

BAP is used commercially to grow apples, pistachios, strawberries, melons and many other edibles in California.

Yeah, isn't it used as a thinning agent for these crops? Here is a link to a product used up in Canada for apples.

And BAP is in toxicity category III, while all commercial formulations are in toxicity category II.

This is correct. Sorry for the misinformation, I was uncharacteristically careless in posting that. I'll be more careful in the future.
 

mofeta

Member
Veteran
One thing of interest though is all the pre-formulated BAP mixes that are around 1.9-2% all say to not spray within 84 days of harvest. after pouring over toxicology info one more time i still cant find any reasoning for this 84 day restriction, nor can i find any regulation stating the 84 day requirement for consumable crops. anybody know anything about this?

It's called PHI (Pre-harvest interval). This is the amount of time it takes after application of the agent (at recommended amount) to fall to the accepted (by the EPA) residue level.

Here is a link to the relevant EPA website.


Here is a link to the EPA page on regulatory actions taken on acceptable residue levels over the years on BAP.
 

self

Member
I've used BAP in a lanolin carrier to successfully induce pupping in trichocereus and myrtillocactus cacti. I know nothing of its use in cannabis, but I've had my eye out for this thread for a while. packing a pipe and pulling up a chair...:smoke:
 

mofeta

Member
Veteran
I've used BAP in a lanolin carrier to successfully induce pupping in trichocereus and myrtillocactus cacti. :

LOL! I wasn't going to mention that.

Are you the guy at EDOT that I had a discussion with on PGRs in Trichos about 5 years ago I wonder? Or was it at Corroboree/Shaman Australis?

Anyway, cheers mate! Gotta love the cacti!
 

dizzlekush

Member
Yeah, isn't it used as a thinning agent for these crops?

I know BAP can be used to 'thin' apples and pistachios. not sure about vine crops. and im not sure about the relationships between auxins/cytokinins/gibberellins in fruiting trees, but i can assure you that applications of BAP will not thin budding marijuana plants. furthermore i have a study that shows out of all the orchard fruit thinning chemicals (ethephon, ammonium thiosulphate, NAA, NAAm, carbaryl, phenylureas CPPU, thidiazuron, and BAP) BAP has the least thinning effect and the highest yield increase (this is thought to be from BAPs antagonism on gibberellins, which inhibit flowering in apples and marijuana both, and is produced from seeds in apples)

The recognition of cytokinins as potent fruit thinning agents for apple is relatively new [71], including such synthetic chemicals as the N6-substituted purine benzyladenine (BA), and the phenylureas CPPU and thidiazuron [28]. The thinning effect of BA always results also in enhanced return bloom [4, 8, 9, 11, 20, 21, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33, 49, 75]. The relation- ship between number of fruits removed and flowering can be close [8, 29] and in proportion to the concentration of BA applied [20]. Apart from supraoptimal concentrations, BA did not increase flower initiation beyond a level that could not be explained solely based on the degree of fruit removal [29]. Seed number is probably important in explaining the effect of BA on return bloom. In a few BA trials on ‘Delicious’ apples BA clearly reduced seed number and covariance ana- lyses showed that all variation in return bloom could be explained exclusively by seed number [32]. It has been suggested that, based on the view that flower- bud formation depends on an interaction between GAs and cytokinins, the promotion of flowering by BA is due to nullifying the inhibitive effect of GAs coming from the seeds [51]. This reasoning is supported by the observation that when all flowers were removed, BA had no effect on return bloom [51]. In thinning apples by BA there is little evidence for a additional direct stimulation of return bloom. The concentration of BA used in chemical thinning usually is too low to have an effect on shoot growth [29]. At higher BA concentrations lateral branching may be enhanced [20, 21, 31]. This may lead to fewer flowers than expected when potential flower buds grow out into lateral shoots that remain vegetative [31], but, in contrast, promotion of bloom has been found to occur as well [20, 21, 29].
In a comparison of the three synthetic cytokinins CPPU, thidiazuron and BA, BA thinned least [28]. However, unlike BA, CPPU and thidiazuron both reduced return bloom, which has been confirmed in other studies with apple [18, 21, 27, 30]. Obviously, any positive effect of fruit removal on flower-bud formation was completely overcome by the inhibitory effect of the two phenylureas. Phenylurea is not a N6-substituted purine as zeatin and zeatin riboside (the most widespread occurring natural cytokinins) and BA. This might suggest that the N6-substitution is essential for flowering promotion [27], but, as mentioned in the foregoing, in thinning experiments a direct effect of BA on return bloom has not been shown
:hijacked: alright now lets get back on the topic of BAPs potential for increasing marijuana production.
 

Attachments

  • Flower-bud formation in pome fruits as affected by fruit thinning.pdf
    67.1 KB · Views: 71

Latest posts

Latest posts

Top