Unknown purple

I had a seed that was from a bag that was green with specks of purple. It was supposed to be purple Kush. That could just be bs tho. When flowered , bud is totally purple, leaves turn green the further away from flower. Are there phenotypes of purple Kush that have 100% purple buds?
If not ... any ideas? My

Yes Pakistan chitral kush is like you described green leaf purple bud in some plants

Purple

Purple

rolandomota said:

Yes Pakistan chitral kush is like you described green leaf purple bud in some plants

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I did an image search. That looks exactly like my plant except me leaves are fatter than those in all the pics

A lot of strains will purple. Some that don't necessarily turn purple will with do so in colder temps. It's pretty, but it's pretty common.

WelderDan said:

A lot of strains will purple. Some that don't necessarily turn purple will with do so in colder temps. It's pretty, but it's pretty common.

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Yup, purple just a color when it comes to weed. My favorite color but nothing special comes of it.

Anthocyanins and Human Health

Anthocyanin pigments and associated flavonoids have demonstrated ability to protect against a myriad of human diseases, yet they have been notoriously difficult to study with regard to human health. Anthocyanins frequently interact with other phytochemicals to potentiate biological effects, thus contributions from individual components are difficult to decipher. The complex, multicomponent structure of compounds in a bioactive mixture and the degradation of flavonoids during harsh extraction procedures obscure the precise assignment of bioactivity to individual pigments. Extensive metabolic breakdown after ingestion complicates tracking of anthocyanins to assess absorption, bioavailability, and accumulation in various organs. Anthocyanin pigments and other flavonoids that are uniformly, predictably produced in rigorously controlled plant cell culture systems can be a great advantage for health and nutrition research because they are quickly, easily isolated, lack interferences found in whole fruits, can be elicited to provoke rapid and prolific accumulation, and are amenable to biolabeling so that metabolic fate can be investigated after ingestion.

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Three anthocyanins from black currant stimulated regeneration of rhodopsin (a G-protein-coupled receptor localized in the retina of the eye), and formation of a regeneration intermediate was accelerated by cyanidin 3-rutinoside. These studies strongly suggest that enhancement of rhodopsin regeneration is at least one mechanism by which anthocyanins enhance visual acuity

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1082894/

Anthocyanins belong to a parent class of molecules called flavonoids synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway

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The three flavonoid classes above are all ketone-containing compounds, and as such, are anthoxanthins (flavones and flavonols). This class was the first to be termed bioflavonoids.

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Flavonoids (specifically flavanoids such as the catechins) are "the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet and are found ubiquitously in plants".[6] Flavonols, the original bioflavonoids such as quercetin, are also found ubiquitously, but in lesser quantities. The widespread distribution of flavonoids, their variety and their relatively low toxicity compared to other active plant compounds (for instance alkaloids) mean that many animals, including humans, ingest significant quantities in their diet. Foods with a high flavonoid content include parsley,[7] onions,[7] blueberries and other berries,[7] black tea,[7] green tea and oolong tea,[7] bananas, all citrus fruits, Ginkgo biloba, red wine, sea-buckthorns, and dark chocolate (with a cocoa content of 70% or greater). Further information on dietary sources of flavonoids can be obtained from the US Department of Agriculture flavonoid database

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Flavonoids are present in cannabis plants, and they turn dark colors like purple when the plant is subjected to harsh conditions like cold weather and stress.
It can also happen when the plant is starved for nutrients like nitrogen. The pH levels, or the acidity of the soil, can also affect the color of the weed.


More acidic pH levels will make them appear redder. In neutral pH conditions, they’ll turn purple, and in alkaline bluer.

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The color of an egg yolk is from the xanthophyll carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin

Xanthophylls (originally phylloxanthins) are yellow pigments that occur widely in nature and form one of two major divisions of the carotenoid group; the other division is formed by the carotenes

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The xanthophyll cycle involves the enzymatic removal of epoxy groups from xanthophylls (e.g. violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, diadinoxanthin) to create so-called de-epoxidised xanthophylls (e.g. diatoxanthin, zeaxanthin). These enzymatic cycles were found to play a key role in stimulating energy dissipation within light-harvesting antenna proteins by non-photochemical quenching- a mechanism to reduce the amount of energy that reaches the photosynthetic reaction centers. Non-photochemical quenching is one of the main ways of protecting against photoinhibition.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthophyll



[2016]

We argue that the persistence of anthocyanin metabolites suggests enterohepatic recycling, leading to prolonged residence time, and supports the notion that anthocyanins are far more bioavailable than previously suggested.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26772410






Oxidative Stress and Ion Channels
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-30018-9_12

TRPV is a family of transient receptor potential cation channels (TRP channels) in animals. All TRPVs are highly calcium selective.
TRP channels are a large group of ion channels, comprising six protein families, located mostly on the plasma membrane of numerous human and animal cell types, and in some fungi.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRPV



Although CBD has little binding affinity for either of the two cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), cannabidiol activates several non-cannabinoid receptors and ion channels. CBD also acts through various receptor-independent channels—for example, by delaying the “reuptake” of endogenous neurotransmitters (such as anandamide and adenosine) and by enhancing or inhibiting the binding action of certain G-coupled protein receptors.

At high concentrations, CBD directly activates the 5-HT1A (hydroxytryptamine) serotonin receptor

Vanilloid Receptors

CBD directly interacts with various ion channels to confer a therapeutic effect. CBD, for example, binds to TRPV1 receptors, which also function as ion channels. TRPV1 is known to mediate pain perception, inflammation and body temperature.
Scientists also refer to TRPV1 as a “vanilloid receptor,” named after the flavorful vanilla bean. Vanilla contains eugenol (which can be found in basil, cloves), an essential oil that has antiseptic and analgesic properties; it also helps to unclog blood vessels.

CBD is a TRPV1 “agonist” or stimulant. This is likely one of the reasons why CBD-rich cannabis is an effective treatment for neuropathic pain.
Capsaicin—the pungent compound in hot chili peppers—activates the TRVP1 receptor. Anandamide, the endogenous cannabinoid, is also a TRPV1 agonist.



https://www.projectcbd.org/science/cannabis-pharmacology/how-cbd-works


Cannabinoid Receptor Activation Differentially Modulates Ion Channels in
Photoreceptors of the Tiger Salamander
https://jn.physiology.org/content/jn/89/5/2647.full.pdf



(Endocannabinoid system)
Thermoregulation

Anandamide and N-arachidonoyl dopamine (NADA) have been shown to act on temperature-sensing TRPV1 channels, which are involved in thermoregulation.
Anandamide has also been found to activate TRPV1 on sensory neuron terminals, and subsequently cause vasodilation.

Induction of synaptic depression

The inhibitory effects of cannabinoid receptor stimulation on neurotransmitter release have caused this system to be connected to various forms of depressant plasticity.
2-AG was found to act on presynaptic CB1 receptors to mediate retrograde short-term depression (STD) following activation of L-type calcium currents, while anandamide was synthesized after mGluR5 activation and triggered autocrine signalling onto postsynapic TRPV1 receptors that induced long-term depression (LTD).

Analgesia

At the spinal cord, cannabinoids suppress noxious-stimulus-evoked responses of neurons in the dorsal horn, possibly by modulating descending noradrenaline input from the brainstem.[19] As many of these fibers are primarily GABAergic, cannabinoid stimulation in the spinal column results in disinhibition that should increase noradrenaline release and attenuation of noxious-stimuli-processing in the periphery and dorsal root ganglion.
The endocannabinoid most researched in pain is palmitoylethanolamide. Palmitoylethanolamide is a fatty amine related to anandamide, but saturated and although initially it was thought that palmitoylethanolamide would bind to the CB1 and the CB2 receptor, later it was found that the most important receptors are the PPAR-alpha receptor, the TRPV receptor and the GPR55 receptor.


Co-expression of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.4 with transient receptor potential channels (TRPV1 and TRPV2) and the cannabinoid receptor CB1 in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16889902

Cannabinoid-based drugs targeting CB1 and TRPV1, the sympathetic nervous system, and arthritis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4561168/



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system





Xanthines also bear some relation to this subject.

Xanthine, archaically xanthic acid) (3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione), is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids and in other organisms. A number of stimulants are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine (theobromine is found in chocolate as well as in a number of other foods, including the leaves of the tea plant, and the kola (or cola).

Derivatives of xanthine (known collectively as xanthines) are a group of alkaloids commonly used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in the treatment of asthma symptoms. In contrast to other, more potent stimulants like sympathomimetic amines, xanthines mainly act to oppose the actions of the sleepiness-inducing adenosine, and increase alertness in the central nervous system. They also stimulate the respiratory centre, and are used for treatment of infantile apnea.
Methylated xanthines (methylxanthines), which include caffeine, aminophylline, IBMX, paraxanthine, pentoxifylline, theobromine, and theophylline, affect not only the airways but stimulate heart rate, force of contraction, and cardiac arrhythmias at high concentrations.

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These biochemical compounds act as both:

competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitors which raise intracellular cAMP, activate PKA, inhibit TNF-α and leukotriene synthesis, and reduce inflammation and innate immunity and
nonselective adenosine receptor antagonists which inhibit sleepiness-inducing adenosine.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthine

Thanks for the info!

I wonder how anthocyanins react with body when smoked or vaped.

Hate to bring up this dead thread but does anyone have info on purple strains that are purple independent of temperature? I have been trying to research purple strains, but usually it never says if buds are 100% purple from the beginning of bloom. My plant shows purple as soon as She starts budding inside or out. Never seen a cool temp.
Also - in veg she is all green. are there strains that are purple in veg from start or are the anthocyans brought out by flowering?