Actually all high THCA varieties of Cannabis are Indica, be they NLD or WLD, all Sativa is Hemp be it NLH or WLH.
NLD- Narrow Leaf Drug
NLH- Narrow Leaf Hemp
WLD-Wide Leaf Drug
WLH-Wide Leaf Hemp
Then there is Ruderalis (AUTO) which is not Indica I suspect it is Hemp unworked by man or escaped from cultivation by man but I do not have proof, yet. Most Ruderalis are age determinate, unlike most Cannabis that is Photoperiod determinate. Apparently a F1 hybrid that has a full auto parent X a photoperiod determinate parent will produce progeny to express earlier flowering and maturation.
Most Cannabis is Dioecious, all is Heterozygous, Wind Pollinated, and an Obligate Outcrosser, man can create a Homozygous Cannabis variety but they are not found in nature. Any Monoecious Cannabis made by man must be maintained by man, in the wild they will soon revert to Dioecious with many intersex individuals.
Hybrids of NLD X WLD are Indica hybrids.
Hybrids of NLH X WLH are Sativa hybrids.
Hybrids of a Drug type X a Hemp type are basically still a Drug type with lower THC values.
Another way to list them are by Chemotype:
Type 1-THCA-dominant with a concentration of >0.3% and CBD content of <0.5%.
Type 2-a mixed ratio profile with CBDA and THCA in varying moderate concentrations, almost always presenting as CBD-forward.
Type 3-CBDA-dominant with low THCA content that provides little to no intoxication.
Type 4-CBGA-rich profile with low levels of other Cannabinoids
Type 5-little to no cannabinoid content (cannabinoid-null or -zero). These often have a non-functional CBG synthase so the Cannabinoid synthesis never happens.
Type 6-should be a CBCA dominate plant. I propose.
Type 1v
Type 2v
Type 3v
Type 4v
Type 6v
Type 1p
Type 2p
Type 3p
Type 4p
Type 6p
Type 1b
Type 2b
Type 3b
Type 4b
Type 6b
Type 1h
Type 2h
Type 3h
Type 4h
Type 6h
CBM TYPE?
That makes about 20+ Types based on Cannabinoid contents.
Also, the propyl versions could be listed as Type 1v, etc. The same with the newly discovered CBDPA and THCPA that have a seven alkyl chain the THCPA could be Type 1p or CBDPA as Type 3p and the also newly discovered THCBA and CBDBA with a 3 alkyl chain listed as Type 1b & Type 3b I am sure there are also others like CBCBA & CBCPA they can be expressed the same way.
THCA and CBDA has a 5 alkyl side chain, I am not sure about CBMA, Cannabimovone, the newest discovered Cannabinoid with a rearranged 2(3→4) abeo‐terpenoid skeleton and a biological profile similar to that of cannabidiol. It looks like a 5 chain like THCA? But I am not a chemist.
Also the new series of phytocannabinoids listed as Type 1h etc. that fills the gap between the pentyl and heptyl homologs of CBD and Delta-9 -THC, bearing a n-hexyl side chain on the resorcinyl moiety that we named cannabidihexol (CBDH) and Delta-9 -tetrahydrocannabihexol (Delta-9 -THCH), respectively. I suspect there are others like CBCH.
This paper:
Origin and evolution of the cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene family
Robin Van Velzen, Robin Van Velzen, Eric Schranz,
June 2021 Genome Biology and Evolution
Lab: Biosystematics Group Wageningen
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab130/6294932
https://www.researchgate.net/publica...se_gene_family
Localization and divergence of oxidocyclase genes in the Cannabis genome revealed two main syntenic blocks, each comprising tandemly repeated cannabinoid oxidocyclase genes. By comparing these blocks with those in genomes from closely related species we propose an evolutionary model for the origin, neofunctionalization, duplication, and diversification of cannabinoid oxidocycloase genes. Based on phylogenetic meta-analyses, we propose a comprehensive classification of three main clades and seven subclades that is intended to aid unequivocal referencing and identification of cannabinoid oxidocyclase genes. Our data suggest that cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene copy number variation may have less functional relevance than previously thought. Instead, we propose that cannabinoid phenotype is primarily determined by presence/absence of single-copy genes. Increased sampling across Cannabis’ native geographic range is likely to uncover additional cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene sequence variation.
Based on our new classification, every gene in this Cannabis-specific group can now be unequivocally referred to as a member of any of our seven subclades. We therefore hope that this classification will serve as a useful reference for the cannabis science community.
It is hard to specify “conventional thinking” in relation to these genes. Originally, based on careful examination of genetic crosses, THC and CBD synthase genes were generally considered two different alleles of the same gene. However, after the advent of genome sequencing, it became clear that these in fact comprised separate genes. More recently, some studies suggested that the variation in the number of gene copies has an effect on cannabinoid levels of the plant. However, our study showed THC and CBD synthase genes are strictly single-copy and that the variation occurs primarily in pseudogenes that cannot have a direct effect on cannabinoid production. We therefore hypothesize that levels of THC and CBD are the result of presence or absence, sequence variation, and expression of these two genes.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would also include flowering induction and maturation times as they can be Autos that start flowering almost immediately or Late varieties that that do not start flower until years end outdoors under natural photoperiod. All Cannabis is Annual and wind pollinated.
As for maturation, there are 5 weeks-20+ weeks for maturation somewhat dependent on lumens and for sure photoperiods. Commonly called early, medium, late maturation, as well as the Autos.
Science now has a deeper understanding of Cannabis botany so the use of Indica and Sativa are just a very small part of any variety description. Or should be, it is not really as useful as other newer methods that reflect more science.
Terpene super classes dependent on the dominate terpene is another way for Classification of Cannabis, there has been a lot of work on this lately much done by NAPRO the makers of the PhytoFacts. I have many listed in my BIB look in the IC TERPENES part of the BIB. See
Sexual expression is another form of descriptions. Monoecious, Dioecious, Unisex, Intersex Dioecious, be the Intersex expression from just Intersex genetics that always express intersex or from other maybe different genetics that requires stress of some sort to express intersex. There are also all Female varieties and all Male varieties can be made.
Maybe shape of the plant could be used as a descriptor as some are very tall with little branching while some are very branched with branches almost as long as the plant is tall. Leaf shapes, Stems, hollow or not?
Cannabinomics:
Cannabinoids vs. whole metabolome: relevance of cannabinomics in analyzing Cannabis varieties https://www.researchgate.net/publica...abis_varieties
Several good ideas for classification, over 600 constituents have been reported in Cannabis plants, including 200 terpenes (mono-, di-, sesqui-and triterpenes), 25 flavonoids, 150 cannabinoids, and other compounds like stilbenes, lignans, phytosterols, alkaloids, and amides, DNA analysis, phenotyping and genotyping, all combined. AI analysis Plant Phenotyping automation, including i3D and multispectral information infra red, xray for roots, belts in greenhouses, called what? https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/r...4220310877/pdf Machine Learning in plant science and plant breeding.
Genotype: DNA tested?
Phenotypes: Both Chemo and visual traits
Cannabinoids
Terpene Super Class
Flavonoids, Thiols present
Sexual Expression: Dioecious, Monoecious,
Form: height, type of branches, roots, leaves, resin type (size and viscosity) and amounts
Maturation aspects
Heterozygous/Homozygous
Ploidy: Diploid, Triploid, Tetraploid, Pentaploid, Hexaploid, Heptaploid or Septaploid, Octaploid, Decaploid, Dodecaploid, or even Aneuploid, Autopolyploid, or Allopolyploid, maybe doubled Haploids made by man?
for classification thread in IC (1).pdf Via Chimera
Excuse any mistakes I think I did this correctly but most is just off the top of my head from memory.
All of the new Cannabinoids have papers about them I listed in My CANNABIS BIBLIOGRAPHY SORTED AND ALPHABETIZED BY SUBJECT found here: https://www.icmag.com/ic/showthread.php?t=363481 in the IC CANNABINOIDS section.
I look forward to any comments, this will keep improving in the next decades, by me and others.
-SamS
NLD- Narrow Leaf Drug
NLH- Narrow Leaf Hemp
WLD-Wide Leaf Drug
WLH-Wide Leaf Hemp
Then there is Ruderalis (AUTO) which is not Indica I suspect it is Hemp unworked by man or escaped from cultivation by man but I do not have proof, yet. Most Ruderalis are age determinate, unlike most Cannabis that is Photoperiod determinate. Apparently a F1 hybrid that has a full auto parent X a photoperiod determinate parent will produce progeny to express earlier flowering and maturation.
Most Cannabis is Dioecious, all is Heterozygous, Wind Pollinated, and an Obligate Outcrosser, man can create a Homozygous Cannabis variety but they are not found in nature. Any Monoecious Cannabis made by man must be maintained by man, in the wild they will soon revert to Dioecious with many intersex individuals.
Hybrids of NLD X WLD are Indica hybrids.
Hybrids of NLH X WLH are Sativa hybrids.
Hybrids of a Drug type X a Hemp type are basically still a Drug type with lower THC values.
Another way to list them are by Chemotype:
Type 1-THCA-dominant with a concentration of >0.3% and CBD content of <0.5%.
Type 2-a mixed ratio profile with CBDA and THCA in varying moderate concentrations, almost always presenting as CBD-forward.
Type 3-CBDA-dominant with low THCA content that provides little to no intoxication.
Type 4-CBGA-rich profile with low levels of other Cannabinoids
Type 5-little to no cannabinoid content (cannabinoid-null or -zero). These often have a non-functional CBG synthase so the Cannabinoid synthesis never happens.
Type 6-should be a CBCA dominate plant. I propose.
Type 1v
Type 2v
Type 3v
Type 4v
Type 6v
Type 1p
Type 2p
Type 3p
Type 4p
Type 6p
Type 1b
Type 2b
Type 3b
Type 4b
Type 6b
Type 1h
Type 2h
Type 3h
Type 4h
Type 6h
CBM TYPE?
That makes about 20+ Types based on Cannabinoid contents.
Also, the propyl versions could be listed as Type 1v, etc. The same with the newly discovered CBDPA and THCPA that have a seven alkyl chain the THCPA could be Type 1p or CBDPA as Type 3p and the also newly discovered THCBA and CBDBA with a 3 alkyl chain listed as Type 1b & Type 3b I am sure there are also others like CBCBA & CBCPA they can be expressed the same way.
THCA and CBDA has a 5 alkyl side chain, I am not sure about CBMA, Cannabimovone, the newest discovered Cannabinoid with a rearranged 2(3→4) abeo‐terpenoid skeleton and a biological profile similar to that of cannabidiol. It looks like a 5 chain like THCA? But I am not a chemist.
Also the new series of phytocannabinoids listed as Type 1h etc. that fills the gap between the pentyl and heptyl homologs of CBD and Delta-9 -THC, bearing a n-hexyl side chain on the resorcinyl moiety that we named cannabidihexol (CBDH) and Delta-9 -tetrahydrocannabihexol (Delta-9 -THCH), respectively. I suspect there are others like CBCH.
This paper:
Origin and evolution of the cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene family
Robin Van Velzen, Robin Van Velzen, Eric Schranz,
June 2021 Genome Biology and Evolution
Lab: Biosystematics Group Wageningen
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab130/6294932
https://www.researchgate.net/publica...se_gene_family
Localization and divergence of oxidocyclase genes in the Cannabis genome revealed two main syntenic blocks, each comprising tandemly repeated cannabinoid oxidocyclase genes. By comparing these blocks with those in genomes from closely related species we propose an evolutionary model for the origin, neofunctionalization, duplication, and diversification of cannabinoid oxidocycloase genes. Based on phylogenetic meta-analyses, we propose a comprehensive classification of three main clades and seven subclades that is intended to aid unequivocal referencing and identification of cannabinoid oxidocyclase genes. Our data suggest that cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene copy number variation may have less functional relevance than previously thought. Instead, we propose that cannabinoid phenotype is primarily determined by presence/absence of single-copy genes. Increased sampling across Cannabis’ native geographic range is likely to uncover additional cannabinoid oxidocyclase gene sequence variation.
Based on our new classification, every gene in this Cannabis-specific group can now be unequivocally referred to as a member of any of our seven subclades. We therefore hope that this classification will serve as a useful reference for the cannabis science community.
It is hard to specify “conventional thinking” in relation to these genes. Originally, based on careful examination of genetic crosses, THC and CBD synthase genes were generally considered two different alleles of the same gene. However, after the advent of genome sequencing, it became clear that these in fact comprised separate genes. More recently, some studies suggested that the variation in the number of gene copies has an effect on cannabinoid levels of the plant. However, our study showed THC and CBD synthase genes are strictly single-copy and that the variation occurs primarily in pseudogenes that cannot have a direct effect on cannabinoid production. We therefore hypothesize that levels of THC and CBD are the result of presence or absence, sequence variation, and expression of these two genes.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I would also include flowering induction and maturation times as they can be Autos that start flowering almost immediately or Late varieties that that do not start flower until years end outdoors under natural photoperiod. All Cannabis is Annual and wind pollinated.
As for maturation, there are 5 weeks-20+ weeks for maturation somewhat dependent on lumens and for sure photoperiods. Commonly called early, medium, late maturation, as well as the Autos.
Science now has a deeper understanding of Cannabis botany so the use of Indica and Sativa are just a very small part of any variety description. Or should be, it is not really as useful as other newer methods that reflect more science.
Terpene super classes dependent on the dominate terpene is another way for Classification of Cannabis, there has been a lot of work on this lately much done by NAPRO the makers of the PhytoFacts. I have many listed in my BIB look in the IC TERPENES part of the BIB. See
Sexual expression is another form of descriptions. Monoecious, Dioecious, Unisex, Intersex Dioecious, be the Intersex expression from just Intersex genetics that always express intersex or from other maybe different genetics that requires stress of some sort to express intersex. There are also all Female varieties and all Male varieties can be made.
Maybe shape of the plant could be used as a descriptor as some are very tall with little branching while some are very branched with branches almost as long as the plant is tall. Leaf shapes, Stems, hollow or not?
Cannabinomics:
Cannabinoids vs. whole metabolome: relevance of cannabinomics in analyzing Cannabis varieties https://www.researchgate.net/publica...abis_varieties
Several good ideas for classification, over 600 constituents have been reported in Cannabis plants, including 200 terpenes (mono-, di-, sesqui-and triterpenes), 25 flavonoids, 150 cannabinoids, and other compounds like stilbenes, lignans, phytosterols, alkaloids, and amides, DNA analysis, phenotyping and genotyping, all combined. AI analysis Plant Phenotyping automation, including i3D and multispectral information infra red, xray for roots, belts in greenhouses, called what? https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/r...4220310877/pdf Machine Learning in plant science and plant breeding.
- Digital biomass
- Plant height
- Plant height max
- 3D leaf area
- Projected leaf area
- Leaf inclination
- Leaf area index
- Leaf Angle
- Light penetration depth
- RGB Color
- NIR Color
- Greenness
- Normalized Digital Vegetation Index (NDVI)
- Normalized Pigments Chlorophyll ratio index (NPCI)
- Plant Senescence Reflectance Index (PSRI)
- Disease quantification
- Plant healthiness
- Plant senescence
- Chlorophyll levels
- Carotenoid content
- N-Content
Genotype: DNA tested?
Phenotypes: Both Chemo and visual traits
Cannabinoids
Terpene Super Class
Flavonoids, Thiols present
Sexual Expression: Dioecious, Monoecious,
Form: height, type of branches, roots, leaves, resin type (size and viscosity) and amounts
Maturation aspects
Heterozygous/Homozygous
Ploidy: Diploid, Triploid, Tetraploid, Pentaploid, Hexaploid, Heptaploid or Septaploid, Octaploid, Decaploid, Dodecaploid, or even Aneuploid, Autopolyploid, or Allopolyploid, maybe doubled Haploids made by man?
for classification thread in IC (1).pdf Via Chimera
Excuse any mistakes I think I did this correctly but most is just off the top of my head from memory.
All of the new Cannabinoids have papers about them I listed in My CANNABIS BIBLIOGRAPHY SORTED AND ALPHABETIZED BY SUBJECT found here: https://www.icmag.com/ic/showthread.php?t=363481 in the IC CANNABINOIDS section.
I look forward to any comments, this will keep improving in the next decades, by me and others.
-SamS
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