fmcd bubble is hard for me to make even when i do hand mix very slow with lots of ice. perhaps more info on fmcd?
THE ACTIVE PRINCIPLE OF INDIAN HEMP.
BY SURGEONS WARDEN AND WADDELL.
Bengal Medical Service.
One of the most serious drawbacks to the medicinal use of this powerful drug (Cannabis Indica) is that we cannot depend upon its preparations being possessed of activity; moreover, the large amount of resin in each dose is often productive of gastric disturbance. These objections would at once be overcome were we able to extract from the resin its active principle.
Since 1839, when Sir W. O'Shaughnessy of Calcutta brought the peculiar properties of Indian Hemp prominently to the notice of the medical world, several attempts have been made to isolate the active principle of the plant with remarkably conflicting results.
In 1846 Smith separated a resin which he called 'Cannabin', and which he believed to be the active principle; and said that it possessed much narcotic activity. No subsequent observers, however, have been able to obtain, by the process employed by Smith, any body which fully answers to the description of Smith's 'Cannabin.
In 1857 Personne resolved the volatile oil, obtained by distillation of the plant, with water, into Cannabene (C18H20) a light hydrocarbon, and a Solid crystalline hydride of cannabene (C18H22). He states that inhalation of the vapour of cannabene produces a powerful physiological effect, and he claims it as being the sole active principle of Indian hemp.
In 1876 Preobraschensky, operating on 'hashish' got from Turkestan, asserted that the active principle was not a resin, but an alkaloidal body, which he recognised as Nicotine, the volatile liquid alkaloid of tobacco. It has been suggested that the presence of nicotine might be due to the hemp having been mixed, as it sometimes is in the bazaars, with tobacco, but Preobraschensky states that he obtained this nicotine from the flowering tops of the plants as well as from the commercial resin.
Merck of Darmstadt applies the term Cannabin tannin to a glucoside contained in Indian hemp which he has combined with tannin. This preparation is not possessed of powerful activity, and frequently is inactive. By treating this tannin compound with zinc oxide, Herr Bombelon obtained a substance which he named Cannabinum, as a greenish brown powder not agglutinating upon exposure to the air and volatilizing without residence on platinum foil.
In 1881 Siebold and Bradbury reported to the British Pharmaceutical Conference that Indian hemp does contain a volatile alkaloid which, however, does not possess the characters of nicotine. They called it Cannabinine, and obtained only 2 grains from 10 pounds of hemp. They do not appear to have tested its action physiologically, and so have left it undetermined whether this volatile alkaloid be really the narcotic principle of hemp.
The above chemists thus obtained widely different bodies, yet each individually believed that the substance which he isolated represented the active principle of the drug. With the subject thus involved, and having at hand a supply of fresh and active hemp, we undertook an examination of the plant in the endeavour to isolate its active principle. Since commencing our observations. Dr. Matthew Hay his reported that he has isolated an alkaloid in the form of colorless needlelike crystals, which, however, did not possess the narcotic properties of the plant, but produced tetanus in frogs in exactly the same manner as strychnine---though not chemically identical with it. Dr. Hay therefore called this alkaloid tetano-cannabin. It must exist in the plant in exceedingly minute traces, for only a few grains were obtained from 1 kilogramme of hemp. He considers it a secondary alkaloid of the plant, and not the chief active principle. We have specially investigated this point as to whether the plant contains an alkaloid with tetanizing properties. . . ---THE INDIAN MEDICAL GAZETTE - Sept. 1884 pp 259
Mix quick with lots of ice,aggitation,pull bags after a 10 min mix,the best will be there in a fair amount,then run again.fmcd bubble is hard for me to make even when i do hand mix very slow with lots of ice. perhaps more info on fmcd?
1.0 Charas hand rubbed
2.0 Kif dry sieve extraction
2.1 Kif, dry ice extraction
2.2 Kif refinement
3.0 Ice water extraction
3.1 Full melt refinement.
4.0 Alkane extraction:
4.1 BHO (Butane)
4.2 Hexane
4.3 Other
4.4 Alkane refinement
4.4.1 BHO/BHC (Butane Hash Oleoresin/Concrete ) + 5.7 Alcohol (EtOH)
5.0 Alcohol extraction:
5.1 QWISO Isopropyl
5.2 QWET Ethanol
5.3 QWME Methanol
5.4 QWDE Denatured
5.5 Alcohol soxhlet and refluxing.
5.6 Other
5.7 Alcohol refinement
6.0 Other organic solvent extractions:
6.1 QWAT Acetone
6.2 Glycerin
6.3 Oils and fats
6.4 Other
6.5 Refinement
7.0 CO2 extraction
7.1 Refinement
8.0 Steam extraction
8.1 Refinement
9.0 Fractional extraction and distillation using vaporization
10.0 Other
Heads sore from the bumpin Gray,or maybe its the import I had earlier..
i wouldn't be surprised if he didn't want to share, he likes his secrets